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Period 7 test review
period 1-6 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (p1) Spanish Actions in America | st. Augustine (1st colony in Florida set up by Spain), pueblo revolt (Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th after mistreatment by colonizers), conquistadors, Bartolome De las Casas (exposed mistreatment towards natives by spain), |
| (p1) Slavery | European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. |
| (p1) columbian exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. |
| (p2) Salutary neglect | (1607-1763) England didn't strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years. Resulted in economic prosperity. Contributing factor to Rev. war |
| (p2) Jamestown | 1607, first successful permanent English settlement in North America, capital of Virginia |
| (p2) slavery | British colonists forcibly took Africans to Virginia to work on farms and produce tobacco and cotton as goods to sell as exports to Britain. |
| (p2) Slave labor in Virginia | First used as indentured servants (work in exchange for food and shelter) to work on tobacco and cotton farms. |
| (p2) Mercantilism | economic system focused on growing a nations wealth by exporting more than importing. |
| (p3) Thomas Paine, Common Sense | challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy |
| (p3) Sedition Act of 1798 | made it a crime for American citizens to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, and malicious writing about the government. |
| (p3) Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence | summarized the colonists' motivations for seeking independence from Britain |
| (p3) Slavery | slave revolts began, slave mistreatment worsened |
| (p3) Virginia Kentucky Resolutions | stated that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. Establish the practice of being able to declare acts of federal government as unconstitutional. Set the precedent that states could nullify unfair acts of the federal government. |
| (p4) Marbury v. Madison | the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution |
| (p4) McCulloch v. Maryland | The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government. |
| (p4) Louisiana Purchase | doubled the size of the U.S, greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution. |
| (p4) Whig Party | formed in the opposition of President Andrew Jackson and constituencies in the Democratic Party, united only by this opposition |
| (p4) Second Great Awakening | emphasized the importance of individual religious experience. People were encouraged to seek out their own personal relationship with God, rather than relying on the authority of the church. |
| (p4) Election of 1828 | It was the first time a president had been elected by a majority of popular votes. (Jackson won) |
| (p4) Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions | demanding equality and voting rights for women. |
| (p4) Seneca Falls Convention | Marked a turning point for women's rights. First major movement to promote women's suffrage and the reform of martial and property laws |
| (p4) SC Nullification Crisis | confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832-33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. |
| (p5) Newly Freedmen | Provided practical aid to 4,000,000 newly freed African Americans in their transition from slavery to freedom. |
| (p5) Kansas-Nebraska Act | repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. Led to "Bleeding Kansas," as pro slavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote. |
| (p5) Mexican-American War | serves as a link between Manifest Destiny and the Civil War; showed how westward expansion led to increasingly bitter and divisive debates over slavery in new territories |
| (p5) Original reason for the Civil War | The debate on slavery between the North and the South, followed by economic and social differences between north and south |
| (p5) Election of 1860 | Abraham Lincoln elected to be president 1860 and 1864, just before and during the Civil War. The election of 1860 shaped the future of the U.S. by heralding the end of slavery and marked by a time of unprecedented violence in the nation. |
| (p5) Republican Party platform 1860 | opposed the expansion of slavery in the West and the reopening of the slave trade. |
| (p5) Causes of the Civil War | economic policies and practices, cultural values, the extent and reach of the Federal government, and the role of slavery within American society |
| (p5) Compromise of 1850 | The U.S would admit California as a free state. Congress would divide the rest of the Mexican Cession into the New Mexico and Utah Territories. Congress would allow the people to decide whether they wanted to have slavery or remain free of slavery. |
| (p6) Booker T. Washington | An educator who began one of the most famous and earliest black colleges, the Tuskegee Institute; and was a big time philanthropist who was responsible for directing mass amounts of money to black causes |
| (p6) Plessy v. Ferguson | upheld the principle of racial segregation over the next half-century. The ruling provided legal justification for segregation on trains and buses, and in public facilities such as hotels, theaters, and schools. |
| (p6) Robber Baron | Industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. |
| (p6) Tariffs of late 1800s | to raise revenue for the government, to restrict imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition, and to reach reciprocity agreements that reduce trade barriers |
| (p6) Jane Addams | leading Progressive and one of the major activists in the Settlement House movement (founded Hull Houses) |
| (p6) Frederick Jackson Turner, Frontier Thesis | that the existence of the western frontier forged the very basis of the American identity |
| (p6) Samuel Gompers | founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and led the AFL from 1886 - 1924. |
| (p6) American Federation of Labor | fought against labor forces and debated work conditions for skilled workers |
| (p6) Populist Party Platform | Called for a graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, a shorter workweek, restrictions on immigration to the United States, and public ownership of railroads and communication lines. |
| (p6) William Jennings Bryan | Democratic candidate in 1896 that advocated in free silver movement, farming interests and improved conditions for the urban working class. |
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