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NURS 319: Valvular

Chapter 18: Valvular Disorders

QuestionAnswer
valve disorders place patients at risk for increased clot formation and stroke
normal heart sounds heard during systole and diastole lub dub
first sound heard at beginning of systole lub
lub sound indicates closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
second sound heard at end of systole and beginning of diastole dub
dub sound indicates closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
stenosis narrowing when valves open- increased resistance to flow and blood backs up
regurgitation loose valve doesn't close completely- leakage of blood backwards
two most common valve disorders mitral and aortic stenosis
sounds heard due to turbulent blood flow through the heart or great vessels murmurs
physiologic murmurs heard during states of high blood flow in heart, typically no symptoms; anxiety, fever, pregnancy
pathologic murmurs caused by valve deformity or dysfunction; may result in hemodynamic consequences; decreased cardiac output, medical intervention required
complications a patient may develop if they have a valvular disorder dysrhythmias, thrombus formation, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure
common causes of valvular disorders congenital malformations, degenerative diseases, infective endocarditis
major cause of rheumatic heart disease streptococcal infection
gold standard for diagnosing a valvular disorder echocardiography
what is the difference between a TTE and TEE? TTE: noninvasive, transducer placed on chest wall TEE: transducer inserted into esophagus, patient must be sedated
common causes of mitral stenosis rheumatic fever, mitral annular calcification
what is occurring at the valve during mitral stenosis narrowing
where is fluid backing up in mitral stenosis left atrium
symptoms of mitral stenosis decreased cardiac output decreased urine output
common causes of mitral regurgitation myocardial infarction
what is occurring at the valve during regurgitation damaged/ weakened papillary muscle from left atrium to left ventricle
where is the fluid backing up in regurgitation left atrium (enlarges)
regurgitation symptoms dyspnea, PND, orthopnea, decreased cardiac output, confusion, weakness, cool extremities, decreased urine output
aortic stenosis common causes aortic sclerosis, RHD, congenital valve defect
what is occurring at the valve during aortic stenosis? aortic valve narrowed; increased resistance
where is fluid backing up in aortic stenosis left atrium; aortic insufficiency
aortic stenosis symptoms pulmonary edema decreased cardiac output
aortic regurgitation common causes endocarditis, increased blood pressure, marfan's syndrome, congenital valve problems
what is occurring at the valve in aortic regurgitation aortic valve will not close
where is fluid backing up in aortic regurgitation left ventricle
aortic regurgitation symptoms shortness of breath, fatigue, heart palpitations, swelling in legs, abdomen, JVD, chest pain
pulmonic stenosis common causes Fallot/ Noonan syndrome, maternal rubella syndrome
what is occurring at the valve during pulmonic stenosis narrowing of pulmonary valve
where is fluid backing up in pulmonic stenosis right ventricle
pulmonic stenosis chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting
tricuspid stenosis common causes infective endocarditis (IV drug use)
what is occurring at the valve during tricuspid stenosis? narrowing of tricuspid valve
where is fluid backing up in tricuspid stenosis right atrium
tricuspid stenosis symptoms similar to right-sided heart failure
Created by: lcorlew1
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