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Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cotton Gin | is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds |
| Industry | The use of factories to make products |
| Underground Railroad | A network to help slaves from the South escape to the North |
| Harriet Tubman | escaped slave who helped others gain their freedom as a “conductor" of the Underground Railroad |
| abolitionist | Someone who supported the ending of slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Law | state that if a slave escaped to another state, the other state had to return the slave to his or her master |
| Missouri Compromise | To preserve balance between Free and Slave states in the Senate - Missouri came in a slave state and Maine as a free state. The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. This line was suppose to decide whether slavery would be allowed in certain territories or not |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe showed the horrors of slavery. Swayed public opinion in North towards abolition. |
| KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) | Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories. Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. |
| DRED SCOTT DECISION | Southern slave who was brought by owner into a free state. Sued for his freedom but the Supreme Court decided that slaves were property and that the government could not deny citizens their property. Not allowing slavery in a state was illegal |
| RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY | A northern abolitionist attacked an armory and tried to lead a slave revolt but it failed. |
| South Secedes | Southern States left the United States of America and set up their own government |
| Abraham Lincoln | President of the North during the Civil War |
| Jefferson Davis | President of South (Confederation) during the Civil War |
| Emancipation Proclamation | President stated that all slave should be set free. The South did not follow this during the civil war. |
| Sherman's March to the Sea | Northern General who took his army on a brutal campaign into the South and burnt all the crops as they marched through the south |
| Reconstruction | The rebuilding of the south after the Civil War. |
| Freedman’s Bureau | An organization created by the federal government to help newly freed slaves |
| Freedman | Ex-slaves after the civil war |
| sharecropping | Mostly ex-slaves that were given a plot of land and had to give the plantation owner 1/3 of their crops as rent. |
| black codes | Laws created in Southern state to limit freedman's rights and democracy |
| The fourteenth Amendment | “No state shall…deny…to any person...the equal protection of the laws” |
| The Thirteenth Amendment | Made slavery illegal in all states |
| The Fifteenth Amendment | A citizen’s right to vote “shall not be denied … on account of race, color or previous conditions of servitude.” |
| Klu Klux Klan | Secret societies to scare and threaten freedman away from the voting poles |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | It was decided that the 14th Amendment is not being violated if the facilities for both races are equal |
| Jim Crow Laws | a collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. |
| segregation | setting someone or something apart from others |
| Secede/Secession | To leave a union or alliance. |
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