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TExES 232 Timeline
Study Materials for TExES 232 Social Studies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| House of Burgess (1619) | The first assembly of elected representatives in North America. Created in Virginia to encourage settlers to migrate to North America. Set the precedent North American peoples that each man should have influence in government. |
| Mayflower Compact (1620) | a contract between the inhabitants of the Mayflower that they should agree to abide by the rules outlined in the Compact first evidence of a social contract between the People and the Government |
| Great Awakening (1730-1750) | Time where an increase in Protestant Christianity was experienced in the colonies. Wanted to create a lasting, evidential change in the person. Focus on the death of Jesus as atonement for the individual. Placed a value of individual liberty and democracy |
| George Whitfield and Jonathan Edwards | Influential leaders of the Great Awakening |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Forbid British colonists to settle the Ohio River Valley until Britain could secure the area. First significant event that led to the deterioration of American colonists and British relations |
| Taxation Acts (1765-1774) | Enacted in order to pay for the French and Indian War. Included the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Act, and the Tea Act. Upset not at the tax, but that there was no representation in the British government on behalf of the Colonists. |
| Declaration of Independence (1776) | Declaration for Colonists Independence. Signified the values of individual freedom set in House of Burgess, Mayflower Compact, etc. "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" |
| Articles of Confederation (1777) | First binding agreement between the 13 colonies. Established the United States of America. Was replaced with the Constitution due to the weakness of the Federal Government in the Articles of Confederation |
| U.S. Constitution (1787) | Implemented in 1789, established, outlines, and empowers the United States Government. Large influence of democracy across the world. |
| Bill of Rights (1791) | refers to the first ten amendments to the Constitution and serves to protect the individual’s liberty and right to property. |
| National Bank (1791) | The primary function of the bank was for commercial and private interests, but helped serve the needs of the United States government as a tax depository and lender of loans to the government. Supported by Hamilton but opposed by Jefferson and Madison. |
| Judicial Review (1803) | the idea that the Supreme Court has the ability to overturn legislation passed by Congress, but not aligned to the Constitution. Last step in setting up checks and balances. Established by Marbury v. Madison |
| Marbury v. Madison | established Judicial Review |
| Ohio River Valley | Won through British Victory of the French and Indian War. Transferred to the US after the Revolutionary War |
| Louisiana Purchase (1803) | Purchased from Napoleon who wanted to finance his European conquest. Contested land between Mexico and the US within Texas. Louis & Clark expedition |
| The Adam-Onis Treaty of 1819 | granted the United States Florida for $5 million. Established a firm boundary between the growing US and the weakening Spanish empire. |
| Treaty of 1818 and Treaty of Oregon (1846) | Treaties between US and Britain. One agreed on the 49th parallel as the boundary between the U.S. and Canada. The other was for the acquisition of this Pacific Northwest territory. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | treaty that ended the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Resulted in U.S. acquisition of land between Texas and California. Heavily influenced by Manifest Destiny. |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 | create a more competitive economy by prohibiting practices large companies employ to protect themselves against competitors. The legislation was created to break up large companies, like Standard Oil, so that smaller companies would have opportunity |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President. Leadership in the Progressive movement. Government protects the American consumer from unethical business practices. Panama Canal. Trust Buster. "speak softly but carry a large stick". Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act of 1906 |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th President. Leader in the Progressive Movement. Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 16th amendment. Income Tax. President during WWI. 14 Points. |
| Calvin Coolidge | 30th President. Large Belief in Laissez-Faire. Deregulation and a decrease of income tax from 60% to 25%. |
| Franklin D Roosevelt | 32nd President. Served four terms, died in office in 1945. Presided over the New Deal Legislation. |
| New Deal | Legislation passed under Roosevelt which created numerous government jobs programs and social safety nets. Changed the relationship between the US gov. and the citizen by redefining the role of gov. |
| Progressive Movement | Era in which new amendments focused on equality are passed. This also includes the New Deal legislation passed under FDR. |
| Second Great Awakening | Protestant revival during the 19th century US. Church membership increased and individuals enacted social change to purify society. Increased renewal in abolition. Baptists and Methodists began preaching against the evils of slavery, calling for abolition |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Established rules for how/if future states would be allowed to have slavery. Uneven number of free or slave states, then a minority would overrun congress. Maine enters with Missouri; all future states above the 36°30′ north parallel would be free states |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) | One of the most influential books of the 19th century. Book about the immoral nature of slavery. Book's success thrusts the United States abolition movement into worldwide spotlight. Helped lay the foundation for the Civil War |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Voided the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and allowed each state to decide if it allowed slavery. Also created these two states. Supporters and abolitionists flocked to this state to influence its election for slavery. John Brown "Bleeding ______" |
| John Brown | Person who went to Kansas to influence a slavery vote after the Kansas-Nebraska act was signed. He and his sons killed 5 pro-slavery farmers. The clash was referred to as "Bleeding Kansas"; epitomized the division in the country prior to the Civil War |
| Dred Scott Decision (Dred Scott v Sandford 1857) | Supreme Court Case that decreed slaves were not citizens because they were property. Slaves then could not be taken away without due process. Further fueled the dissent between slavery supporters and abolitionists |
| The Civil War (1861-1865) | War was driven over a state's sovereignty, epitomizes in the issue of slavery. War lasted 3 years and resulted in a decimated Southern State economy and the Reconstruction Era. |
| Reconstruction Era | Time period from 1865-1877 in the United States that was focused on rebuilding the South after the Civil War. Restoration of rights for former slaves, but high rates of poverty and social instability plagued everyone in the South. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws aimed at discriminating against Black Americans; started with Plessy v. Ferguson. Laws were upheld by many supreme court decisions, and were not outlawed until the 1960s Civil Rights Movement |
| Civil Rights Movement (1960s) | Non-violent social movement that promoted the outlawing of racial discrimination against Black Americans. Led by Martin Luther King Jr. Resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| Constantine | Roman Emperor from 306-337 AD. Legalized Christianity from his conversion. Established Constantinople as the capitol of the Eastern Roman Empire. This would become the cultural epicenter during the Middle Ages. |
| Sack of Rome (410 AD) | Visigoth attack that ended Classical Era in this place and the beginning of the Dark Ages. The loss of power from the Roman Empire to smaller institutions. Event was the result of years of social, political, and military turmoil and decline in the Empire |
| Emperor Justinian | Emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527-565 AD. Revitalized a centralized European power and re-conquering of Roman lands. Marks the height of the Byzantine Empire. Created Laws named after himself |
| Justinian Laws (Code of Justinian) | Laws enacted under this Byzantine Emperor. Solidified Christianity as the Religion; made non-Christians non-citizens and allowed the prosecution of heresy and pagan sacrifice; Serve as a foundation of Western jurisprudence; large influence in Western Law |
| Conversion of Clovis I | Decline of the Western Roman Empire in 5th century AD resulted in a rise of the Frankish nation in Gaul. Franks were united under Clovis. Clovis converts to Christianity and made it the official religion of Gaul. Predecessor uniter of Charlemagne. |
| Rise of Monasteries | Missionary journeys with the goal of evangelization. These European institutions preserved various skills, educational ideas, and functioned as meeting centers during Church services. Gave the Church political influence as instability arose through Europe |
| Political Power of the Church | Conversion of Constantine and Clovis I. Gained most of its power with leverage in the Middle Ages. Forged religious wars (the Crusades). Used donations to furnish an elite and lavish lifestyle in the Vatican. |
| Protestant Reformation | 16th century reformation led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. Outlined 95 corrupt practices of the Catholic Church, and provided an avenue of escape for leaders under the political influence of the Church |
Created by:
ericbustamante1001
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