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government unit 2
unit 2 for government, terms amendments and even just notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does reapportion mean | Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people |
| what does off year election mean | congressional election that occurs between presidential election years |
| what is a single member district | An electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official. |
| what does at-large mean | as a whole; for example, statewide |
| what is gerrymander | an oddly shaped election district designed to increase the voting strength of a particular group |
| what is a continuous body | governing unit whose seats are never all up for election at the same time |
| what is constituency | the residents in the area from which an official is elected |
| what is partisan | Devoted to or biased in support of a party, group, or cause |
| what is the franking privilege | Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free |
| what does it mean to appropriate | proper in the circumstances |
| what is necessary and proper clause | constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers |
| what does impeach mean | To formally charge a public official with misconduct in office, does NOT mean they are removed |
| what does acquit mean | to find not guilty of a fault or crime |
| what does perjury mean | lying under oath |
| what is a censure | formal statement of disapproval in the form of a resolution that is adopted by majority vote |
| who is the speaker of the house | the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives |
| who is the president of the senate | the presiding officer of a senate; in Congress, the vice president of the United States |
| who is the president pro tempore | the presiding officer of a senate; in Congress, the vice president of the United States |
| what is the party caucus | A meeting of the members of a party in a legislative chamber to select party leaders and to develop party policy. Called a conference by the Republicans. |
| who is the floor leader | the leader of a party in a legislative assembly. |
| who is the whip | a senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking |
| what is the standing committee | A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area |
| what is the joint committee | A committee composed of members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate; such committees oversee the Library of Congress and conduct investigations. |
| what is a bill | a proposed law |
| what is joint resolution | A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president |
| what is resolution | a firm decision |
| what is a rider | A provision attached to a bill - to which it may or may not be related - in order to secure its passage or defeat. |
| what is a quorum | The minimum number of members who must be present for business to be conducted in Congress |
| what is a filibuster | A procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue. |
| what is a cloture | A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate. |
| what is executive privilege | The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security. |
| what is executive order | a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law. |
| what is amnesty | a pardon to a group of people |
| what is a pardon | A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment |
| what is presidential succession | the order in which the office of president is to be filled if it becomes vacant |
| what is the electoral collage | A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president |
| what is PAC | Political Action Committee |
| what is super PAC | a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidates. |
| what is a primary | A ballot vote in which citizens select a party's nominee for the general election. |
| what is a cabinet | A group of advisers to the president. |
| what is a chief of staff | the person who oversees the operations of all White House staff and controls access to the president |
| who is the press secretary | the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis |
| what is a whistleblower | an employee who exposes unethical or illegal conduct within the federal government or one of its contractors |
| what is criminal court | a court that has jurisdiction to try and punish offenders against criminal law. |
| what is civil court | a court dealing with noncriminal cases. |
| what is jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case |
| what is indictment | a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime |
| what majority opinion | a court opinion reflecting the views of the majority of the judges |
| what is dissenting opinion | An opinion disagreeing with a majority in a Supreme Court ruling. |
| what is precedent | an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action |
| what is writ of certiorari | Order by the Supreme Court directing a lower court to send up the records of a case for review |
| what is rule of law | No one is above the law |
| what is judicial restraint | A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures |
| judicial activism | A judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. Advocates of this approach emphasize that the courts can correct pressing needs, especially those unmet by the majoritarian political process. |
| first amendment | freedom of religion, speach, press, assemble, and petition the government |
| 2nd amendment | right to bear arms |
| 3rd amendment | no quartering of troops in homes |
| 4th amendment | limits the conditions under which police may search for and seize evidence and people. probable cause, no fishing, , needs a warrant, if unlawful can not be used at trial. |
| 5th amendment | rights of accused persons. no being tried twice for the same offence, you don't have to testify against yourself, no one can lose due process of law, private property can be taken for public use by the government, |
| amendment 6 | right to a speedy trial impartial jury, right to be told your crime, right to question everyone against you, tell your side of the story, right to a lawyer. |
| amendment 7 | jury trial is civil cases disputes over 20 dollars |
| amendment 8 | no excessive bail or fines or "cruel and unusual punishment" |
| amendment 9 | unenumerated rights/ fundamental rights |
| amendment 10 | limits the power of the federal government (states) |
| amendment 11 | cant sue states |
| amendment 12 | changed the electoral system for choosing the president and vice president |
| amendment 13 | banned slavery and involuntary servitude |
| amendment 14 | guaranteed citizenship to freed slaves and guaranteed their rights |
| amendment 15 | guaranteed the right to freed slaves to vote |
| amendment 16 | income tax laws |
| amendment 17 | senators will be elected by people not legislatures |
| amendment 18 | prohibition |
| amendment 19 | women suffrage |
| amendment 20 | lame duck amendment set new dutes for the start terms for congress |
| amendment 21 | repealed the 18th |
| amendment 22 | 2 term limit for president |
| amendment 23 | presidential electors for washington DC |
| amendment 24 | poll tax banned |
| amendment 25 | presidential disability and succession |
| amendment 26 | voting age is lowered to 18 |
| amendment 27 | congressional pay |
| how many different roles must the president fill according to the congress? | 6 roles |
| what is it called when a case can be hear in a court firsthand | original |
| what is the person getting sued called | defendent |
| what is the person who is sueing called | plaintiff |
| what type of court system does the US have | dual |
| on election day what are the voters actually voting for | presidential electors |
| what is the political job appointment for persons supporting the president known as | patronage |
| can the president be a naturalized citizen | no |
| how old must the president and vice president be | 35 |
| how long must the president live in the united states for | 14 |
| what is the term of a president | 4 |
| how many times can a president be elected | 2 times |
| how many years can a president serve | 10 |
| who served more than two terms | Roosevelt |
| who resigned from office | Nixon |
| what happens id 75% of a states popular vote goes to one presidential candidate | all of the states electoral votes go to him |
| how many terms can the vice president serve | any amount |
| who decides the tie for the vice president | the senate |
| what are the vice presidents duties | preside over the senate and vote only in case of a tie, and decide if the president is disabled and to serve as acting president should that happen. |
| what is the reason vice presidents chosen | to balance the ticket |
| what happens if the vice president spot becomes vacant | the president choses but the houses need to approve them |
| what is it called when a case can be heard on appeal from a lower court (secondhand) | appellate |
| who is next in line for the president after the vice president | the speaker of the house |
| how many electors will the state have | 3 |
| who decides a tie for the president | the house |
Created by:
lydiaAB44
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