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phil 2303 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The fact that someone has dubious reasons for making a claim does not show that the claim is false. | True |
| The distorting, weakening, or oversimplifying of someone's position so it can be more easily attacked or refuted is known as | Straw Man |
| The use of derision, sarcasm, laughter, or mockery to disparage a person or idea is known as | Ridicule |
| Any argument that tries to show that one event or state of affairs can inevitably lead to others is fallacious. | false |
| A scientific claim must be true if it hasn't been shown to be false. | false |
| A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious when | There is no good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action. |
| The fallacy of equivocation occurs whenever a word has one meaning in one premise and the same meaning in another premise or the conclusion. | false |
| Good writers never combine arguments with appeals to emotion. | false |
| The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise is known as | begging the question |
| The demand that someone prove a universal negative is unreasonable. | true |
| "No one has shown that ghosts aren't real, so they must be real"--is an example of | appeal to ignorance |
| Claims that come out of a "poisoned well" cannot be automatically dismissed. | true |
| If we could prove anything with a lack of evidence, we could prove almost anything. | true |
| The straw man fallacy is a favorite of politicians. | true |
| "The political action committee is very prestigious in Washington; we can expect, then, that each of its soldiers is very prestigious in Washington" is an example of the fallacy of division. | true |
| Whether people are hypocritical regarding their claims is directly related to the truth of those claims. | false |
| An argument of this form--P. Therefore, p--is called | begging the question |
| The appeal to popularity is arguing that a claim must be false because | a substantial number of people doubt it |
| "Reinterpret claim X so that it becomes the weak or absurd claim Y; attack claim Y; conclude that X is unfounded" is an example of equivocation. | false |
| In most cases a claim should be considered true if it hasn't been shown to be false. | false |
| Arguing that your doing something morally wrong is justified because someone else has done the same (or similar) thing is known as the fallacy of | two wrongs make a right |
| "Either you support the war or you are a traitor to your country. You don't support the war. So you're a traitor"--is an example of | false dilemma |
| The fallacy of arguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole is called | composition |
| rhetoric should never be combined with critical thinking | false |
| The fallacy of division is frequently used in statistical arguments. | true |
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