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Government Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two types of categorial grants? | Project Grants and Formula Grants |
| Define Project Grant. | a written grant for a specific purpose. Based on a competitive application. |
| Define Formula Grant. | federal grant awarded based on a specific formula rather than competitiveness. |
| What is a similarity between the three types of grants (block, categorical, and grants-in-aid to states)? | Every grant MUST meet the federal criteria |
| Define Federalism | Constitutional division of power |
| Define Sovereignty | Relatively free from external influences. |
| What were some of the Characteristics of The Virginia Plan (There are 3 answers) | Favored large states, based on population, Bicameral legislature |
| What is the government system in which states hold more power that the federal government | Confederal |
| What characteristics typically define a nation? (There are 5) | territory, population, permeance, political organization, and sovereignty |
| Why do we write Constitutions? (there are 3 reasons) | to structure, limit, and assign government power |
| What is Article VI (6)? | Supremacy Clause |
| Name 2 clauses under Article Iv (4) | Privileges & Immunities, Full Faith & Credit |
| What is the significance of McCulloch vs. Maryland? | it established that congressional law is superior to state law. |
| what case established Judicial Review? | Marbury Vs. Madison |
| What branch did Article I establish? | The Legislative Branch |
| What is another way to describe Dual Federalism? | Layered Cake |
| Which philosopher believed that man should participate in government? | Aristotle |
| What is the order of systems the U.S has been under? | Unitary, Confederal, Federal |
| Put in correct order: Dual Federalism, Devolution, Centralized Federalism, Cooperative Federalism, State-Centered Federalism | State-centered Federalism, Dual Federalism, Cooperative Federalism, Centralized Federalism, Devolution |
| What did Plato write? | Plato wrote The Republic |
| What did Locke write? | Locke wrote Two Treatises on civil government |
| What did Montesquieu write? | Montesquieu wrote Spirit of Laws |
| What did Aristotle write? | Aristotle wrote Politics |
| How did Locke view man? | viewed man as having natural rights (life, liberty, and property) |
| How did Locke view the government? | Government was good if it secured those rights |
| How did Plato view man? | viewed man as rational by nature. |
| What is Plato's view on the government? | The government was based on a select group called "The Philosopher Kings" that could ascertain truth. |
| How did Montesquieu view the government? | A good government separated powers |
| How did Montesquieu view man? | Thought that power corrupted an individual |
| How did Aristotle view the government? | The good and the bad by one, few, and many |
| How did Aristotle view man? | Viewed man as rational by nature but if you lived in "The Polis", you must participate in government to be truly human. |
| What are the 5 characteristics of the American Political System? | conflict, competition, cooperation, community, compromise |
| What were the two major problems under the AOC? | could not tax states to regulate commerce and could not for people to be drafted into military |
| Was Shay's Rebellion successful? | No |
| What did Shay's Rebellion lead to and why? | led to the Constitutional Convention because it scared the founding fathers by showing that the national government was more important that states. |
| Why did Shay's Rebellion emerge? | because the states were excessively democratic |
| What was the conflict at the Constitutional Convention? | conflict was between the large and small states and how to structure the legislative branch |
| Explain the Industrial v Faring States Compromise at the Constitutional Convention. | had to do with the economics of slavery under the constitution, slavery couldn't be prohibited until 1808 tax was placed on each slave at $10/head |
| What are three things about the Virgini Plan? | large state plan, created benefit for larger states, 3/5ths compromise |
| What are two things about the New Jersey Plan? | small state plan, was like the AOC but for small states |
| What are three things about the Connecticut (Great) Compromise? | created the bicameral legislation we have today, the House is based on representation, and the Senate is based on equal representation |
| Who wrote the Federalists Papers and what were they called? | Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay They wrote under the name "Cublius" |
| What did the Federalist Papers argue? | Argued in favor of ratifying the constitution |
| What Article of the constitution allowed ratification? | Article VII (7) |
| Who approves the constitution? | The States |
| What enumerated powers are granted to the national government? | under Article I, the national government can coin money, declare war, and regulate commerce |
| Define Reserved Powers. | Under the 10th amendment, if a power is not granted to the national government, it is reserved for the states and the people |
| Define Implied Powers. | congress can pass any additional laws if needed to carry out enumerated powers. these powers are at the end of the Necessary & Proper Clause. |
| Define Concurrent Powers. | The nation and the state both have the power of taxing. |
| What 2 powers are denied to the states? | cannot coin their own money and cannot regulate interstate commerce |
| What is an important power granted to the states? | States CAN regulate INTRA-state commerce (within its own boarders) |
| What 3 things can occur under Checks & Balances? | President can veto legislation Executive can check legislation Supreme Court can pass a law by Congress as unconstitutional |
| What is Devolution? | The return of power from the national government to the states |
| What were 2 federal problems under Obstruct Action? | segregation and Education was left to the states |
| Frustrate National Policy | was a problem with federalism regarding waste disposal plants for not having a national policy for the proper disposal of nuclear waste. |
| Obstruct Uniformity in Policy | Was a problem with federalism because the costs & benefits were spread unevenly |
| Grants-in-Aid to the States | Federal Revenue taken from the people and returned to the states to carry out federal programs. Now Exceeds $400 Billion Annually. |
| Define Block Grant. | given automatically with less strings attached. |
| What are the 4 benefits of Federalism? | protects liberty, enhances innovation, improves efficiency, manages conflict |
| Air under Coercive Federalism | Clean Air Act Requires each state to report the number of particulates each state is producing/quality of the air. |
| What 4 things fall under Coercive Federalism? | Air, Water, Disabilities, Voting |
| Voting under Coercive Federalism | Voter's Registration Act Federal law requires certain facilities to offer citizens the chance to register to vote. |
| Importance of McCulloch v. Maryland | Solidified that the national government is supreme to the states |
| Importance of Marbury v. Madison | established Judicial Review |
| What are the 4 important clauses of the constitution? | enumerated powers Implied Powers: Necessary & Proper Clause Article IV (4): Privileges & Immunities and Full Faith & Credit Reserved Powers |
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