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Sociology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Facts | Laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and cultural rules that govern social life |
| Sociological imagination | Behavior of individual relating to overall society/culture |
| Sociology | The scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions |
| Societies | People in the same place, with same culture, who interact |
| Functionalism aka structural functional theory | Society is structure, parts aim to meet people’s needs |
| Social institutions | Beliefs and behaviors that aim to meet social needs |
| Conflict theory | Society is competition for limited resources |
| Symbolic interactionist theory | Communication is the way we make sense of social life, thus people shape social world rather than vice versa |
| Constructivism | Reality is what we cognitively construct it as |
| Dramaturgical analysis | Compares social life to theater, we change roles and play by scripts |
| Habitualization | The way that repetition causes habits, we accept reality because it is what we grew up with |
| Institutionalization | The process of ingraining norm/convention into society |
| Thomas theorem | “If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences” |
| Roles | Patterns of behavior that represent a social status |
| Status | Responsibilities and benefits of a person from their rank/role in society |
| Role strain | Too many things to do as part of the same role |
| Role conflict | When a person needs to balance various roles at one time |
| Role performance | How we express our roles |
| Cooley’s looking glass self | We try to be what (we think) others think we are |
| Cultural universals | Exist pretty much everywhere (jokes, names, language) |
| Cultural imperialism | Intentionally imposing one’s culture on another’s |
| Cultural relativism | Viewing a culture through their own lens rather than one’s own |
| Values | Deeply embedded things that help unpack beliefs |
| Beliefs | Ideas a people hold to be true |
| Sanctions | How society encourages norms/behaviors |
| Sapir whorf hypothesis/ linguistic relativity | We experience and understand the world through (our) language |
| Bourdieu’s cultural capital | Each class has goods, attitudes, and knowledge |
| High culture | Pattern of experience and attitudes in the elites of a culture, reflect wealth and formality |
| Popular culture | Patterns of experience and attitudes for most people in a culture |
| Counterculture | A group that rejects social norms |
| Innovation | A new thing introduced to society |
| Invention | Something already existing made into a new item |
| Culture lag | Time between introduction and social acceptance |
| Diffusion | Spreading of a thing between/across cultures |
| Self | A person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction |
| Anticipatory socialization | Preparing for roles later in life |
| Resocialization | Having to scrap old behaviors for new scenery (nursing home, prison) |
Created by:
mg999
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