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Unit 2 Review
The Principles of the Constitution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the original purpose of the 1787 convention in Philadelphia? | To amend the Articles of Confederation |
| How many states attended the Constitutional Convention? | 12 of the 13 - Rhode Island did not attend |
| What were some of the early agreements made at the Constitutional Convention? | - Disband the Articles and create a new Constitution - Create a new government with a stronger national government - Form a government that is limited and representative with powers separated into three branches |
| Who is known as the "Father of the Constitution"? | James Madison |
| How many houses in the legislative branch would be created in the Virginia Plan? | Two - bicameral |
| How would representation in the legislative branch be determined in the Virginia Plan? | Representation would be based on a state's population. |
| How would the president of the executive branch be selected in the Virginia Plan? | By the legislative branch |
| How would justices in the judicial branch be selected in the Virginia Plan? | By the legislative branch |
| What type of states supported the Virginia Plan? | Large states - states with a large population |
| How many houses in the legislative branch would be created in the New Jersey Plan? | One - unicameral |
| How would representation in the legislative branch be determined in the New Jersey Plan? | Representation would be equal among the states with one vote per state. |
| How would the executive branch be selected in the New Jersey Plan? | By the legislative branch |
| How would justices in the judicial branch be selected in the New Jersey Plan? | By the executive branch |
| What type of states supported the New Jersey Plan? | Small states - states with a smaller population |
| Which state's delegates provided a compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans? | Connecticut - the Connecticut Compromise (or The Great Compromise) |
| How did the Connecticut Compromise satisfy delegates from both the large and small states? | It created a bicameral legislature with representation in one house based on population and equal representation in the other house. |
| How would the president in the executive branch be selected in the Connecticut Compromise? | By an electoral college |
| How would the justices in the judicial branch be selected in the Connecticut Compromise? | By the president |
| What was the 3/5ths Compromise? | A compromise between northern and southern states to determine the calculation of the slave population in each state towards congressional representation and federal taxation. |
| What was the name of the group that supported the ratification of the Constitution? | The Federalists |
| What is the name for the collection of essay written in support of ratification of the Constitution? | The Federalist Papers |
| What was the name of the group that opposed the ratification of the Constitution? | The Anti-Federalists |
| What are some reasons Anti-Federalists opposed the ratification of the Constitution? | - Believed it created too strong of a national government - Believed it took away too much power from the states - Believed it should include a Bill of Rights |
| What did the Federalists agree to do in order to win the support of the Anti-Federalists in ratifying the Constitution? | The Federalists agreed to create a Bill of Rights as the first act of Congress. |
| How many states were required to ratify the Constitution before it would go into effect? | 9 of the 13 states |
| What are the three parts of the Constitution? | - Preamble - Articles - Amendments |
| What is the purpose of the Preamble of the Constitution? | To set forth the goals and purpose of the government |
| What is an amendment? | A change or addition made to the Constitution |
| What is Article I of the Constitution? | It establishes the legislative branch |
| What is Article II of the Constitution? | It establishes the executive branch |
| What is Article III of the Constitution? | It establishes the judicial branch |
| What is Article IV of the Constitution? | It establishes a federal system of government |
| What is Article V of the Constitution? | It explains the amendment process |
| What is Article VI of the Constitution? | It establishes the supremacy clause |
| What is Article VII of the Constitution? | It explains the ratification process for the Constitution |
| What is the Supremacy Clause | The Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land. (Article VI) |
| What is Limited Government? | Actions of the government are specifically listed |
| What is Popular Sovereignty? | Authority to rule comes from the people; consent of the governed |
| What is Federalism? | Shared powers between the national and state governments, with the national government in control. |
| What is Checks and Balances? | The power in each branch of government to check the power of the other two |
| What is Judicial Review? | Power of the federal courts to declare laws or actions by government unconstitutional |
| What are the three branches of the US government? | - Legislative Branch: US Congress - Executive Branch: President - Judicial Branch: Supreme Court |
| What is the legislative branch in the US called? | Congress |
| What are the two houses that make up the US Congress? | - House of Representatives (lower) - The Senate (upper) |
| What is the power of the US legislative branch? | To make/create the law |
| Who is in charge of the US executive branch? | The President of the US |
| What is the power of the US executive branch? | To enforce/carry out the law |
| What is the main court in the US judicial branch? | The US Supreme Court |
| What is the power of the US judicial branch? | To interpret the law |
| What are the checks and balance powers the legislative branch has over the executive branch? | - Impeachment - Approve/confirm presidential appointments - Overturn a presidential veto with a 2/3rd vote |
| What are the checks and balance powers the legislative branch has over the judicial branch? | - Impeachment - Approve/confirm judicial appointments |
| What are the checks and balance powers the executive branch has over the legislative branch? | - Ratify/approve (sign) laws - Veto laws |
| What are the checks and balance powers the executive branch has over the judicial branch? | - Appoint federal justices to the court - Power to pardon federal convictions |
| What is the checks and balance power the judicial branch has over the legislative and executive branches? | Judicial review |
| Where is the amendment process detailed and explained? | Article V of the Constitution |
| What are the two steps to the amendment process? | - Proposal - Ratification |
| What is required in the proposal step of the amendment process? | A 2/3rd vote in both houses of Congress. |
| What is required in the ratification step of the amendment process? | A 3/4th vote from the 50 states (at least 38 states). |
| What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? | To further protect individual rights and further limit government power. |
| It is important to know that all rights afforded in the Bill of Rights are __________. | Limited/Not absolute |
| The First Amendment grants: | Freedom of speech, press, religion, and the right to protest. |
| The Second Amendment grants: | The right to bear arms. |
| The Third Amendment grants: | Protection against the government housing troops in your home. |
| The Fourth Amendment grants: | The right to privacy, protection against illegal search and seizure, and the requirements for a warrant and probable cause. |
| The Fifth Amendment grants: | The right to due process and protection against double-jeopardy and self-incrimination. |
| The Sixth Amendment grants: | The right to a fair and speedy public trial by a jury of peers and the right to counsel (an attorney). |
| The Seventh Amendment grants: | The right to a trial by jury in common/civil court cases and the protection of jury decisions. |
| The Eighth Amendment grants: | Protection against cruel and unusual punishment and protection against excessive fines and bail. |
| The Ninth Amendment grants: | The protection of all rights, even those not specifically listed in Amendments 1-to-8. |
| The Tenth Amendment grants: | The protection of federalism and the right for states to make laws on issues not covered by federal law. |
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