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2 be logical

INTERMEDIATE LOGIC Lessons 7-12

QuestionAnswer
In a valid argument, if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
If an argument can have TRUE premises with a FALSE conclusion, then the argument is invalid.
When using truth tables to determine VALIDITY: assign the PREMISES the value T and the CONCLUSION the value F.
When using truth tables to determine VALIDITY: IF there IS a contradiction, then the argument is VALID.
When no forced truth values appear in a truth table for VALIDITY, you must guess the truth value of one variable or constant.
When you have had to GUESS truth values in a truth table for VALIDITY, if NO CONTRADICTION occurs, then you are done and the argument is invalid.
When you have had to guess truth values in a truth table for VALIDITY, if a contradiction occurs, then you must try the other truth value for the guessed variable/constant, to see if a contradiction still occurs.
To say that propositions are CONSISTENT simply means that they can be TRUE at the same time.
To use shorter truth tables to establish CONSISTENCY, you assume both PREMISES are TRUE. If you do NOT get a contradiction, then they ARE consistent.
To test EQUIVALENCE, assume the two propositions are NOT logically equivalent and then see if a contradiction occurs.
When testing for EQUIVALENCE, assign one premise the value of T and one the value of F. If NO contradiction occurs, the propositions are NOT equivalent.
When testing for EQUIVALENCE, assign one premise the value of T and one the value of F. If a contradiction OCCURS, then SWITCH the assigned truth values and try again. If a contradiction STILL occurs, then they ARE EQUIVALENT.
When testing for EQUIVALENCE, if a contradiction is unavoidable, then the propositions are equivalent.
dilemma a valid argument which presents a choice between two CONDITIONALS
Constructive dilemmas work like modus ponens.
Destructive dilemmas work like modus tollens.
Going between the horns of a dilemma means you DENY the disjunctive premise and PROVIDE a THIRD alternative, somewhere between the two stated solutions. This clarifies that the dilemma is an either/or fallacy.
Grasping the horns of a dilemma means you REJECT one of the CONDITIONALS in the CONJUNCTIVE premise.
Rebutting the horns of a dilemma means you OFFER a COUNTER-DILEMMA.
Created by: MrsHough
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