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Unit 5
The Executive Branch
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Executive Branch | Part of government that enforces the nation's laws. |
| 4 years | The President's term length. |
| 22nd Amendment | 1951 - Limited the President to two terms or 10 years maximum. |
| Vice President | Next in line to be President and President of the Senate who presides over voting and holds the tie breaking vote. |
| Speaker of the House | Third in line if the President and Vice President are incapacitated or removed from office. |
| Impeachment | Removal of the president by Congress for misconduct in office. |
| Electoral College | Body of electors who formally elect the President and Vice President. |
| Executive Departments | 15 administrative arms of the Executive Branch that advise the President and help enforce the nation's laws. |
| Chief of State | Role of the President as the symbolic and ceremonial head of the nation. |
| Executive Order | A directive issued by the president that has the force of law. |
| Executive Privilege | The President's right to withhold information they believe it is confidential or vital to the nation's security. |
| War Powers Act | 1973 - Law passed by Congress that required the president to inform Congress within 48 hours of using the armed forces in a military action and sets a 60 day limit on military action without Congressional approval in the absence of a declaration of war. |
| State of the Union | Annual speech given by the President to announce policy and legislation goals for the Federal Government. |
| Executive Agreement | A formal pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state that does not require approval by the Senate. |
| President | Head of the Executive Branch. |
| Veto | The power of the President to reject a bill passed by Congress. |
| Pocket Veto | When the President takes no action on a proposed bill within 10 days of Congress going out of session. |
| 25th Amendment | 1967 - Established the order by which a presidential vacancy is filled. |
| Pardon | The legal forgiveness of a crime. |
| Federal Bureaucracy | The offices, executive departments, and independent agencies of the Executive Branch that help enforce the laws of the nation. |
| Amnesty | A general pardon to a group of people for an offense against a government. |
| Commutation | Reduction of the length of a sentence or fine for a crime. |
| Farewell Adress | Presidential tradition to give a final formal speech of as they exit office. |
| Inaugural Address | Presidential tradition to give a formal speech as they are being formally inducted into office. |
| Chief Executive | Role of the President as the head of the Executive Branch. |
| Chief Legislator | Role of the President in influencing the making of laws and the lawmaking agenda for the nation. |
| Chief Diplomat | Role of the president of the United States in recognizing and interacting with foreign governments. |
| Commander in Chief | Role of the President as the supreme leader of the U.S. armed services - Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Space Force. |
| Executive Agency | Independent agency of the Executive Branch that oversees specific areas of government activity. |
| Regulatory Agency | Independent agency of the Executive Branch that oversees specific areas of economic activity. |
| Government Corporation | Independent agency of the Executive Branch that overs people a service for a fee. |
| Cabinet | Leaders of executive departments who act as advisers to the President. |
| Article II | Part of the Constitution that established the Executive Branch. |
| Executive Office of the President | Key personnel, aides, and advisors within the Executive Branch who work directly with the President. |
| 35 | The minimum age needed to become President. |
| 270 | Number of electoral votes in the Electoral College needed for a candidate to become President. |
| House of Representatives | Selects the President if no candidate reaches the 270 electoral votes needed to win. |
| Designated Survivor | Person in line of succession to be President that is chosen to not attend specific meetings in case of a catastrophe. |
| Department of Health and Human Services | Executive Department that has the largest budget. |
| Department of Defense | Executive Department that employs the most people. |
| Department of Homeland Security | The newest Executive Department created after 9/11. |
| Independent Agencies | Agencies that are part of the Executive Branch where leaders are appointed by the President, but activity is overseen by Congress. |
| Mandatory Spending | Required spending by the government due to permanent laws. |
| Discretionary Spending | Spending by the government that is controlled through the annual budget process. |
| 12th Amendment | 1804 - Established that each elector must cast distinct votes for president and vice president. |
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