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UNIT 1 Review
Introduction to Government
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Government? | The institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all people living within the state. |
| What is a State? | A political community that occupies a defined territory and has an organized government. |
| What is Sovereignty? | The supreme and absolute authority to rule. |
| What are the four purposes of government? | Maintaining Social Order Providing Public Services Providing National Security Making Economic Decisions |
| Where will you find the purpose of the US government? | In the Preamble of the US Constitution. |
| What does the government purpose of maintain order involve? | Provide law and order. Control and contain conflict by placing limits on what people are permitted to do. Provide ways to resolve conflicts. Require people to do things they might not do voluntarily. |
| What does the government purpose of providing public services involve? | Providing services that allow community life possible. Promote the general welfare of the population. Make and enforce laws that promote public health and safety. |
| What does the government purpose of providing national security involve? | Provide defense and security to protect the people against attacks and threats. Make treaties and trade agreements with other states. |
| What does the government purpose of making economic decisions involve? | Stimulate economic growth and stability by controlling inflation, encouraging trade, and regulating the development of natural resources. Distribute benefits and services among citizens. |
| What are the three TYPES of government? | Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy |
| What is an Autocracy and an example? | Type of government in which absolute power over a state is controlled by one person. Examples: Dictatorship & Monarchy |
| What is an Oligarch and an example? | Type of government in which power is controlled by a group of people. Example: Communism |
| What is totalitarian government? | A government that prohibits any political opposition to power and has complete control over all public and private aspects of life. |
| What is a Democracy? | A type of government in which the people have and control all political power to rule government. |
| What is a Direct Democracy? | Citizens directly vote to control all aspects of government. |
| What is a Representative Democracy? | Citizens elect a representative to control all aspects of government. |
| What is a Constitutional Democracy? | A type of democracy that follows the framework and rules in which a government will operate under. |
| What is a Republic? | A type of government built on the principles of a constitutional and representative democracy. |
| What are the three government Systems? | Unitary Confederate Federal |
| What is a Unitary government system? | A system of government in which all power is held by a central/national government. |
| What is a Confederate government system? | A system of government in which power is shared between the states and a central government, but states hold power over the central government. |
| What is a Federal government system? | A system of government in which power is shared between the states and a central government, but the central government holds power over the states. |
| What is Marble Cake Federalism? | A concept of greater shared power between the central and state governments in a federal system. |
| What are three key government concepts taken from England? | Ordered Government Limited Government Representative Government |
| What are three landmark documents from England that helped influence the creation of the United States? | Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights |
| What is Social Contract Theory? | By contract, people surrender the power to rule to the state. In turn, the state agrees to protect the people. Government is allowed to exist for the express purpose of protecting the people. |
| Who created the social contract theory? | English philosopher Thomas Hobbes in his book "Leviathan" (1651). |
| Who was John Locke? | A famous English philosopher in the Age of Enlightenment. He expanded the social contract theory by declaring the people have the right to overthrow the government when the social contract is broken. |
| What role did Thomas Jefferson play in the creation of the United States? | Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. The document was powerful because of Jefferson's influence by John Locke's theory of social contract. |
| What was the Declaration of Independence? | A document that laid out the reasoning to justify the colonies revolt against England's rule and established the principles upon which a new nation would be formed. |
| What key principles for a new nation did the Declaration of Independence lay out? | Social Contract Natural Rights Popular Sovereignty |
| What are Natural Rights? | The concept that all people are inherently granted the inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. |
| What is Popular Sovereignty? | The concept that the authority for a government to rule comes from the people. "The consent of the governed." |
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