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Unit 1: 1491-1607
APUSH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Walter Raleigh | Founder of England's first American colony. (Roanoke, it failed) |
| Elizabeth I | English Queen during golden age. Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. |
| Pocahontas | a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown. Marriage to John Rolfe = first interracial union in america= Peace settlement ending the Anglo-Powhatan War |
| John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. |
| Defeat of the Spanish Armada | 1588 by Elizabeth 1 of England, English naval supremacy. |
| john smith | Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. |
| Jamestown | Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London.elected Captain John Smith as their leader. |
| Thomas Dale | Made governor of Jamestown after John Smith, stern, didn't believe in laziness, created daily schedule |
| John Calvin | INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION: emphasized predestination and he rejected the medieval Church. he believed that the church and state should be united under the Calvinist faith |
| John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" (covenant theology) |
| Peter Stuyvesant | The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (netherland?), hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664. |
| Anne Hutchinson | She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. Expelled to Rhode Island. |
| King Phillips War | Started over land ownership disagreements. The War Between the Puritans and the Pequot, Narragansett,Wampanog, and Nipmunk indians. armed indians in raiding NE towns, eng & allies won, survivors fled N, increase indian hate |
| Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. |
| Dominion of New england | 1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros) Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. |
| New England Confederation | New England colonists (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven, and Plymouth) formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization. |
| Patroonships | Vast estates along the Hudson River established by the Dutch. They had difficulty attracting peasant labor, and most were not successful. |
| William Penn | Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) |
| Jeremiads | Puritan preachers Taking their cue from the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah, earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety.Scared people off, decline of puritanism |
| Glorious Revolution 1688 | Bloodless overthrow of King James II. established William and Mary as the new leaders. |
| Great Puritan Migration | Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Eg 1630 group of puritans led by john winthrop found MA Bay Colony |
| Fundamental Orders | In 1639 the Connecticut River colony settlers had an open meeting and they established a constitution called the Fundamental Orders. It made a Democratic government. It was the first constitution in the colonies |
| Treaty of Utrecht | 1713, ended Queen Ann's War, transferred large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Indentured servants in Virginia revolt against gov and landowners (origionally over lack of protection from indians on frontier). burn Jamestown. look to african slaves as less troublesome source of labor |
| Middle passage | the middle portion of the triangular trade that brought African slaves to the Americas |
| Salem witch trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Terrible mistake, shows social tensions, decline of puritanism. |
| half way covenant | The puritan practice where by parents who had been baptized but had not yet experienced conversion could bring their children before the church and have them baptized. dramatizied the difficulty of maintainig nreligious devotion |
| headright system | Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |
| Leisler's rebellion | uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which militia capitani seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. eflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troops |
| Triangular Trade | Illegal trade created to generate money to buy english goods.The backbone of New England's economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. |
| First Great Awakening | 1st grassroots american social movement.series of revivals making church more emotional. Old lights (against) new lights (for). results: democratic, new denominations (meth and bapt), more choice, colleges, old clergy looses prestige |
| George Whitefield | Most influentian new light speaker during first great awakening |
| Jonathon edwards | New light preatcher who started the first Great awakening |
| John Peter Zenger | "Zenger case", Newspaperman thrown in jail for accusing his colony's governor of wrongdoing, Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. |
| Phyllis Wheatley | 1st important African american writer. Abolitionists later point to her as proof that they are intellectually equal |
| William Pitt | The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | Ended the French and Indian (7yrs) war. Britian dominated, French kicked out of N america |
| Pontiac's Rebellion | After French and Indian War, Indian chief gathered tribes in Ohio river valley to attack british forts. Squashed. Led to brit issuing proclamation of 1763 |
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sahana_j
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