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US Government Vocab
US
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unemployment Rate | a rate of unemployed people |
| Federal Reserve Requirement | the percentage of money memeber banks must keep in Federal Reserve Banks as a reserve against their deposits. The higher they raise it, then the less banks have to lend, if they lower it then the more banks have to lend. |
| Conservative | one who believes government should be limited, except in supporting traditional values and promoting freedom of opportunity. |
| Liberal | one who believe the national government should be active in promoting health, education, justice, and equal oppurtunity. |
| Moderate | ones who's believe falls between and libral and conservative. |
| PAC | an organization formed to collect money and provide financial support for political candidates. |
| Term of Office | how long he/she is in office. |
| Legislature | power to adopt laws |
| Legislator | a person who writes and passes laws |
| Elastic Clause | clause in article1 section 8 of the Constitution that gives congress the right to make all laws " necessary and proper" to carry out the power expressed in the other clause of Article 1 |
| General Assembly | is the state legislature of the U.S. state. Maryland Law making body. |
| Judicial Power | can intrupit the law and make decisions for the lower court |
| Bicameral | two house legislative body |
| Magna Carta | King John was force to sign it in 1215 which said that the monarch or government was limited, not absolute. |
| Articlies of Confederation | first governing document of U.S |
| Federalism | in which power is constitutionally divided between central authority and constituent political unit. |
| Scarcity | law that states that want and needs are unlimited, while resources are limited |
| Opportunity Cost | what is lost when a decision is made ( trade-off) |
| Policy | A source of action that a nation choose to undertake |
| Domestic Policy | Action that are undertaken to benefit that home front. |
| Foreign Policy | A plan of action to effect international relations |
| Standard of Living | Level at which a person lives economic ,safety, and health. |
| Socio Economic | stratification of society along economic lines |
| separation of power | the division of power among the legisvative, executive, and judicial branches of government |
| Electoral College | winner takes all, if candidate wins the largest number of popular votes, then he/she wins that state. |
| Minority Right | minority rights are still protected by the constitution. |
| War Power Act 1973 | Forbids the president to commit American forces to combat for more than 60 days without congressional notification within 48 hours. |
| National Nominating Convention | a gathering of local and state party members chosen to nominate presidential and vice presidential candidates. |
| Connecticut Compromise | proposed two houses: a lower house which was elected in proportion to population, and an upper house, where the people of each state, regardless of size, collectively would have 2 Senators as representatives |
| Jurisdiction | the authority of a court to rule on certain cases. |
| Original Jurisdiction | the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | authority held by a court to hear a case that is appealed from lower court. |
| Electorate | voters or voter |
| Impeachment | a formal accusation of misconduct in office against a public official |
| Presidental Succession | is a series of steps established by the government of a nation or state to assure a smooth transition of power should the president, vice president, or any other executive authority be unable to complete their duties. |
| Treaty | a formal agreement between the government of two or more countries |
| Executive Order | a rule issued by the president that has the force of law |
| bureaucracy | government administrators |
| Cabinet | secretaries of the executive departments, the vice president, and other top officials that help the president make decision and policy. |
| Elector | member of a party chosen in each state to formally elect the president and vice president |
| Caucus | a private meeting of party |
| Sanction | a measure such as withholding economic aid to influence a foreign government's activites |
| Platform | a statement of a political party's principles, belief, abd positions on vital issues. |
| Miranda vs Arizona | must have your rights readed to you, 5th amendment. |
| Checks and Balances | a system where each branch of government exerices some control over the others. |
| Articiles of Confederation | first governing document of U.S |
| Federalism | in which power is constitutionally divided between central authority and constituent political unit. |
| Bicameral | the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers |
| Brown vs Board of Education | abandoned the separte but equal doctrine in context of schools. |
| New Jersey vs T.L.O | Public schools officials can search a student's property for evidence of wrongdoing without having probable cause to believe that the student did anything wrong. |
| Plessy vs Ferguson | upheld the separate but equal doctrine used in the southern states, so its ok her, but overrule in (Brown vs Board of Education) |
| Marbury vs Madison | This says that the surpreme court has the final say on what the constitution means. They interpreters it. |
| Tinker vs Des Moines school | Extending the first amendment protection to public school students. The school was couldn't suspected the students for wear black armbands to symbolize their opposition to the Vietnam war. Freedom of Speech. |
| Gideon vs Wainwright | Poor defendants in criminal case have the right to a state-paid attorney under the Sixth Amendment. |
| Checks and balance | the system where each branch of government exercise some control over the other |
| Separation of Power | the division of power amoung the legislative,executive, and judicial branches of governenment |
| Monetary Policy | United States economy money. Suppy of money and how much it can borrow. Ways of changing economy. 1 raise or lower the discount raise. 2 raise or lower reserve requirement.3 put money in the economy. |
| Fiscal Policy | Taxes and spending more than it takes in. |
| Federal Deflicts | spend more than we collect in taxes |
| Interest rate | the percentage on all loans that must be payed back. |
| Consumer price index (CPI) | its a market basket of good to determine inflation |
| Trade Deflict | we import more than we export. |
| Command Economy | decision are made at a upper level of government and handed down to managers. |
| Capitalism | Gov. assumes that society will be best served by any productive economic activity that free indivduals choose. |
| business cycle | ups and downs seen somewhat simultaneously in most parts of an economy |
| Gross Domestic Product | Total of all goods and services produces giving in one year. |
| NAFTA | is a free trade agreement among Canada, the United States, and Mexico |
| International Monetary Fund (IMF) | the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked |
| Arbitration | is a form of alternative dispute resolution — specifically, a legal alternative to litigation whereby the parties to a dispute agree to submit their respective positions (through agreement or hearing) to a neutral third party (the arbitrator(s) or arbiter |
| Referendum | s a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal |
| partnership | A legal contract entered into by two or more persons in which each agrees to furnish a part of the capital and labor for a business enterprise, and by which each shares a fixed proportion of profits and losses |
| sole proprietorship | A business organization that is unincorporated and has only one owner. |
| corporation | A body that is granted a charter recognizing it as a separate legal entity having its own rights, privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members. |
| Bussiness Cylce | Peaks,troughts,depression |
| Compramentry Goods | tires and a car |
| Factor of Production | Land,Labor, and Capital |
| Sustitive good | A product that is an alternative to a similar product. |
| Human Rights | U.S policy that promotes the rights of man |
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