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GOV310L Final
Final Exam Gov 310L with Baek
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Affirmative Action? | Programs designed to enhance opportunities for groups that have suffered discrimination in the past |
| What was Brown v Board of Education (1954)? | 1954 Supreme Court decision declaring racial segregation in schools unconstitutional |
| What is "Bully pulpit"? | The nature of presidential status as an ideal vehicle for persuading the public to support the president's policies |
| What is a bureaucracy? | Hierarchical organization designed to perform a particular set of tasks |
| What is "borking"? | Politicizing the nomination process through an organized public campaign that portrays the nominee as a dangerous extremist |
| What is a cabinet? | Top administration officials; mostly heads of departments in the executive branch |
| What is civil disobedience? | A peaceful, well-publicized violation of a law designed to dramatize that law's injustice |
| Civil Liberties vs Civil Rights | Liberties: Fundamental freedoms that together preserve the rights of a free people Rights: Specific rights that embody the general right to equal treatment under the law |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | outlawed unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public |
| Clear and Present Danger Test | The principle that people should have complete freedom of speech unless their language endangers the nation |
| What is cloture? | Motion to end debate; requires 60 votes to pass |
| Conference Committee | Group of representatives from both the House and the Senate who iron out the differences between the two chambers' versions of a bill or resolution |
| De facto vs De jure segregation | De facto: Segregation that occurs as the result of decisions by private individuals De jure: Racial segregation that is legally sanctioned |
| Delegate model of Representation | In this model, constituents elect their representatives as delegates for their constituency. act only as a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency, and have no autonomy from the constituency |
| Trustee model of Representation | Constituents elect their representatives as 'trustees' for their constituency. Act in favor of the greater common good and national interest, even if it means going against the short-term interests of their own constituencies |
| Descriptive representation | idea that candidates in democratic elections should be elected to represent ethnic and gender constituencies, as well as other minority interest groups, rather than the population at large |
| Substantive Representation | tendency of representatives to advocate for certain groups. |
| Double jeopardy | Fifth Amendment provision that prohibits prosecution for the same offense twice |
| Due process clause | Found in the 5th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution; forbids deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of Law |
| Equal Protection Clause | 14th Amendment clause specifying that no state can deny any of its people equal protection under the law |
| Executive Order | A presidential directive that has the force of law, though it is not enacted by congress |
| Executive Privilege | The right of members of the executive branch to have private communications among themselves that need not be shared with congress |
| Filibuster | Delaying tactic by which one or more senators refuse to allow a bill or resolution to be considered, either by speaking indefinitely or by offering dilatory motions and amendments |
| 1st Amendment | Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,…” the Clear and Present danger doctrine is an exception to freedom of speech. |
| Formal Presidential Power | those mentioned in the Constitution(State of the Union address, Veto/Sign bills, appointment power, Chief of State, commander in chief, inherent executive power, pardon, etc.); these powers are relatively weak(especially domestically). |
| Informal Presidential Power | include Chief communicator, party leader, power to persuade. Informal powers were redefinded by FDR due to economy, war, mass media, etc |
| Grandfather Clause | Racially restrictive provision of certain southern laws after Reconstruction, permitting a man to vote if his father or grandfather could have voted |
| Griswold v Conn(1960) | Constitution protects right to privacy |
| Habeas Corpus | A judicial order that a prisoner be brought before a judge to determine the legality of his or her imprisonment. |
| Ideological Stamp | The presidents ideology stamped into society through his appointment of Supreme Court Justices |
| Iron Triangle | Close, stable connection among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees |
| Issue network | Loose, competitive relationship among policy experts, interest groups, congressional committees, and government agencies |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws passed by southern states after Reconstruction, enforcing segregation |
| Judicial Review | Power of the courts to declare null and void laws of Congress and of state legislatures they find unconstitutional |
| Legal vs Attitudinal models of Judicial Decision Making | Legal:based on precedent Attitudinal:based on preference |
| Legal v Political Approaches of Civil rights Movement | legal: taking issue to course political: draw attention to problem and change public opinion |
| Line item veto | Presidential authority to negate particular provisions of a law, granted by Congress in 1996 but struck down by the Supreme Court in 1998; power to reject specific components of legislation rather than rejecting entire bills |
| Living Constitution Theory | A theory of constitutional interpretation that places the meaning of the Constitution in light of the total history of the United States |
| Logrolling | Colloquial term given to politicians' trading of favors, votes, or generalized support for each other's proposals |
| Marbury v Madison | Supreme Court decision (1803) in which the court first exercised the power of judicial review |
| Markup | Process in which a committee or subcommittee considers and revises a bill that had been introduced |
| Miranda rule | 5th amendment protects individuals from torture and coerced confessions by saying that persons cannot be forced to testify against themselves |
| MOC=SMSR | Mayhew-- the electoral connection. Members Of Congress are Single Minded Seekers to Reelection |
| Original Intent Theory | A theory of constitutional interpretation that determines the constitutionality of a law by ascertaining the intentions of those who wrote the Constitution |
| Original Jurisdiction v Appellate Jurisdiction | Original: involves cases within US or has to with the constitutionality of the law Appellate: has to do with court cases that have already been decided |
| Plain Meaning Theory | A theory of constitutional interpretation that determines the constitutionality of a law in light of what the words of the constitution obviously seem to say |
| Plessy v Ferguson (1896) | Court decision declaring separate but equal public facilities constitutional |
| Plural Executive | Limits governor's power. Executive officers are not appointed but elected |
| Pocket Veto | Presidential veto after congressional adjournment, executed merely by not signing a bill into law |
| Pork Barrel Projects | Special legislative benefits target toward the constituents of particular members of Congress |
| Power to Persuade | presidents can use the power of the media to win public support for his legislative initiatives |
| Presidential Characteristics (Barber) | view of job and energy level (see chart from first class of this section) |
| Red Tape | paperwork could be overridden by bureaucratic run around |
| Roe v Wade (1973) | Ruled that abortion is legal |
| Rules committee | very powerful committees exist for policy, Makes congress work, in House sets rules for debate on the floor |
| Selective Incorporation | the case-by-case incorporation, by the courts, of the Bill of Rights into the due process clause of the 14th amendment |
| Speaker of the House | the presiding officer of the House of Representatives; normally, the Speaker is the leader of the majority party |
| Stare Decisis | in court rulings, reliance on consistency with precedents |
| Texas governor | atleast 30 years old, US citizen, and tx resident for 5 years. Unlimited 4 year terms. Fairly weak, mostly visual public figure. has power to call special sessions, veto, and appoint members of boards and commissions. However, have plural executive. |
| The Pendleton Act of 1883 | legislation in 1883 creating the Civil Service Commission |
| the Spoils System | A system of government employment in which workers are hired on the basis of party loyalty |
| University of California Regents v Bakke | Affirmative Action. Bakke was a white person who didn't get in because of a race quota. Declared is okay to use race as a factor, but not quotas. |
| Unprotected categories of speech | limits on free speech; commercial, obscenity, libel |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | banned literacy test and poll tax |
| Writ of Certiorari | A document issued by the Supreme Court indicating that the Court will review a decision made by a lower court |
| Texas Legislature | Bicameral, Biennial session, They can do less because Texas is conservative, promotes freedom over equality, and leads to “citizen” legislature. |
| Eyes on the Prize: Episode 5 | "Try to get blacks to the ballot box" |
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Laurey206
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