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Unit 3 vocab

cultural traits and diffusion

Term
1. Culture - the shared beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society.
2. Cultural traits - the individual elements that contribute to a culture's unique character, such as language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music, and arts.
3. Artifacts - tangible objects that are created and used by a culture, such as tools, clothing, art, and architecture.
4. Sociofacts - the non-material aspects of a culture, such as social structures, political systems, and economic practices.
5. Mentifacts - the intangible elements of a culture, such as beliefs, values, attitudes, and ideas.
6. Traditional/local culture - the customs, beliefs, and practices that are unique to a particular place or community.
7. Popular/global culture - the cultural practices and products that are widely consumed and recognized across national borders.
8. Sense of place - the emotional attachment and connection that people have to a particular place or landscape.
9. Placelessness - the loss of a unique sense of place and identity due to the homogenization of culture.
10. Cultural norms - the shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a culture.
11. Cultural taboos - the behaviors or practices that are considered socially unacceptable or forbidden within a culture.
12. Ethnocentrism - the belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group, often accompanied by a lack of appreciation for other cultures.
13. Cultural relativism - the practice of understanding and evaluating a culture within its own context, rather than judging it based on the values and beliefs of one's own culture.
14. Cultural landscape - the visible human imprint on the natural environment, reflecting the cultural values and practices of a particular place or region.
15. Sequent occupancy - the idea that cultural groups leave their cultural imprints on a place, each layer representing a different period of time.
16. Ethnicity - a shared cultural identity based on a common language, religion, history, or ancestry.
17. Ethnic neighborhoods/enclaves - areas within a city or region that are dominated by a particular ethnic group.
18. Ethnic patterns - the distribution of ethnic groups within a particular geographic area.
19. The Role of Women - the social and cultural expectations and restrictions placed on women within a particular culture.
20. Gendered spaces - places and spaces that are designated for specific genders, such as public restrooms or changing rooms.
21. Traditional architecture - the traditional building styles and techniques that reflect a particular culture's history, values, and climate.
22. Postmodern architecture - the architectural style that emerged in the late 20th century, characterized by a rejection of traditional styles and a focus on innovation and experimentation.
23. Cultural realm - an area defined by a shared cultural identity and cultural landscape.
24. Centripetal - forces that unify and bring people together within a particular culture or society.
25. Centrifugal - forces that divide and pull people apart within a particular culture or society.
26. Cultural hearth - the place where a particular culture or civilization first emerged and spread to other areas.
27. Diffusion - the spread of cultural traits, ideas, and artifacts from one culture to another.
28. Relocation diffusion - the spread of cultural traits through the movement of people from one place to another.
29. Expansion diffusion - the spread of cultural traits from one central point to other areas.
30. Contagious diffusion - the rapid and widespread diffusion of a cultural trait through direct contact with neighboring individuals or groups.
31. Hierarchical diffusion - the spread of cultural traits through a hierarchical network, such as from cities to smaller towns.
32. Reverse hierarchical diffusion - the spread of cultural traits from smaller towns to larger cities or urban centers.
33. Stimulus diffusion - the spread of an underlying principle or concept, even if the specific cultural trait does not fully transfer.
34. Imperialism - the policy of extending one's power and influence over other countries or territories.
35. Colonialism - the practice of acquiring and maintaining colonies or territories outside one's own borders.
36. Neocolonialism - the continued influence and control that former colonial powers maintain over their former colonies.
37. Trade - the exchange of goods and services between individuals, groups, or nations.
38. Pidgin language - a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between groups who do not share a common language.
39. Creole language - a fully developed language that has evolved from a mixture of different languages.
40. Lingua franca - a common language used for communication between people who do not share a common language.
41. Dialect - a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
42. Official language - the language(s) that a government designates for use in official communications and documents.
43. Friction of distance - the idea that the farther apart two places are, the less likely they are to interact or share cultural traits.
44. Globalization - the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among people, businesses, and countries around the world.
45. Time-space compression/convergence - the idea that advances in communication and transportation technologies have made the world feel smaller and more connected.
46. Cultural convergence - the process by which cultures become more similar to one another over time.
47. Cultural divergence - the process by which cultures become more distinct from one another over time.
48. Language family - a group of languages that share a common ancestral language.
49. Language branch - a group of languages that share a common ancestor language and have similar grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
50. Language group - a collection of related languages within a language branch that share a common history and origin.
51. Isogloss - a boundary that marks the geographical extent of a particular linguistic feature.
52. Kurgan Warrior Theory - a theory of the spread of the Indo-European language family that posits that the language spread with the migration of the Kurgan people from the steppes of Central Asia.
53. Anatolian Farmer Theory - a theory of the spread of the Indo-European language family that posits that the language spread with the spread of agriculture from Anatolia.
54. Universalizing diffusion - the spread of cultural traits or ideas that are applicable to all cultures and societies.
55. Ethnic diffusion - the spread of cultural traits or ideas that are specific to a particular ethnic group.
56. Acculturation - the process by which an individual adopts the values, beliefs, and practices of a dominant culture.
57. Assimilation - the process by which a person or group fully adopts the culture of a dominant society, often resulting in a loss of cultural identity.
58. Multiculturalism - the coexistence of multiple cultures within a society, with each culture maintaining its unique identity and practices.
59. Syncretism - the blending of different cultural traditions or practices to create a new and unique cultural form.
Created by: the.kaia
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