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AP World Unit 5
Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures. |
| Henry Ford | American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. |
| Gugliemo Marconi | italian inventor and engineer Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) developed, demonstrated and marketed the first successful long-distance wireless telegraph |
| Alfred Nobel | Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. |
| Dynamite | make shit boom |
| Modernization | Process of adapting something to modern needs or habits. |
| Tanzimat Reform | a series of edicts between 1839 and 1876 intended to preserve the weakening Ottoman Empire. |
| Self-Strengthening Movement | Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) of China introduced Western methods and technology in an attempt to renovate Chinese military, diplomatic, fiscal, and educational policy. |
| Zaibatsu | any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan before World War II, similar to cartels or trusts but usually organized around a single family. |
| Muhammad Ali (Egypt) | a general in the Ottoman army who eventually gained control over the territory of modern-day Egypt. |
| Sultan Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan (1808–39) whose westernizing reforms helped to consolidate the Ottoman Empire despite defeats in wars and losses of territory. |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | a navy commander who, on July 8, 1853, became the first foreigner to break through the barriers that had kept Japan isolated from the rest of the world for 250 years. |
| Meiji Emperor | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization and imperialism. |
| Trans-National Business | A commercial enterprise that operates substantial facilities, does business in more than one country and does not consider any particular country its national home. |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit. |
| Stock Market | A general term used to describe all transactions involving the buying and selling of stock shares issued by a company. |
| Monopolization | A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. |
| Consumerism | an economic theory that argues that the interests of consumers should be the most important factor in a business transaction. |
| Standard Oil | a symbol of the reliable "standards" of quality and service that he envisioned for the nascent oil industry. |
| United Fruit Company | an American multinational corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas) grown on Latin American plantations and sold in the United States and Europe |
| DeBeers | Consolidated. A diamond monopoly that controlled the demand and supply of the diamond industry. |
| HSBC | Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation |
| Unilever | a British and Dutch venture, focused on household goods-most famously, soap. |
| Adam Smith | Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and key Scottish Enlightenment figure. |
| Cecil Rhodes | financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism |
| Labor Union | an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages. |
| Bourgeoise | the social order that is dominated by the so-called middle class. |
| Proletariat | modern wage laborers who sell their labor to live and don't get any of the profits that they help to create |
| Communist Manifesto | urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes. |
| Means of Production | the natural resources and factories needed in a society or country for manufacturing |
| Utilitarianism | a philosophy that concerned the morals and ethics of society |
| Suffrage | right to vote, and, in a sense, the history of the United States is the story of the expansion of that right |
| Karl Marx | German writer and economist, founded modern socialism. |
| Michael Sadler | persuade the British Parliament to enact new laws to safeguard the rights of child workers. |
| John Stuart Mill | political economist, civil , and a British philosopher |
| Empress Cixi | Holy mother. |
| Tenement | A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety. |
| Slum | vercrowded, dirty area of a city where the housing is usually in very poor condition; tenements located in slums. |
| Working Class | people who worked in factories or other manual labor jobs |
| Child Labor | The taking of children away from home to do industrial work for long hours with few breaks. |
| Cult of Domesticity | system of cultural beliefs or ideals in the 19th century that governed gender roles in upper- and middle-class society |
| Seneca Falls Convention | he first women's rights convention in the United States. |
| Declaration of Rights of Wmeon and the Female Citizen | women are equal to men in society and, as such, entitled to the same citizenship rights. |
| Abolition | Ending a system, practice or institution |
| Michael Sadler | British Tory Member of Parliament (MP) whose Evangelical Anglicanism and prior experience as a Poor Law administrator in Leeds led him to oppose Malthusian theories of population and their use to decry state provision for the poor. |
| Karl Marx | German writer and economist, founded modern socialism. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | abolitionist, human rights activist and one of the first leaders of the women's rights movement. |
| Olympe de Gouges | a women's rights advocate in France who wrote "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen." |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | English writer and a passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women. |
| Jacob Riis | American newspaper reporter, social reformer, and photographer. |
| Edward Jenner | the Discoverer of Cow Pox Inoculation |
| Louis Pasteur | famed Medical Biologist |
| William Wilberforce | an English philanthropist that was elected to a seat in Parliament in 1780 |
| Frederick Douglas | former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. |
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