Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Teratology
Final study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Teratogen | Any environmental agent sucha s a drug, chemical infection or pollutant which potentially harms the developing fetus |
| FDA Guidelines only apply to... | pregnant women |
| FDA Guidelines A | Adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated risk |
| FDA Guidelines B | Animal studies have not demonstrated risk but no studies in pregnant women OR animal studies suggest risk but human studies have not shown risk |
| FDA Guidelines C | Animal studies show risk but there are no human studies OR there are no studies in humans or laboratory animals |
| FDA Guidelines D | Evidence of human risk but benefits may make use acceptable |
| FDA Guidelines X | Studies show risk; risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit |
| Dangers of relying on FDA Pregnancy Categories | 1. Prevent quality clinical assessment of original studies 2. Only useful for prescribing, not retrospective risk assessment |
| What do you need to utilize other resources? | 1. Known teratogenic exposure 2. Complicated inquiry 3. Patient anxiety 4. Conflicting opinions |
| Strategies to Reduce Risk for previous ONTD | mg of folic acid prior to and during pregnancy |
| What plays into the effects of a teratogenic exposure? | 1. Route 2. Timing (critical period) 3. Dosage 4. Duration 5. genotype of fetus |
| Background risk for a baby to have a congenital anomaly is | 3% |
| Lithium | 1. Ebsteins anomaly, recommended fetal echocardiogram at 20 weeks, 3rd trimester use associated with neonatal cyanosis, hypotonia, disturbances of cardiac rhythm, diabetes insispidus and hypothyroidism. |
| Anticonvulsants: Worst one... | Depakote, Dilatin, Phenobarbatal |
| Chemotherapeutic agents | 1. Malformations 2. IUGR 3. Pancytopenia 4. CNS damage 5. Pregnancy loss 6. Cardiomyopathy 7. Prematurity 8 MR 9 Limb anomalies |
| ACE Inhibitors | Critical period of exposure: Second and third trimester IUGR, Hypocalcaria manifested by very large anterior fontanel, persistent PDA, renal tubular dysplasia leading to oligohydramnios and Potter's sequence |
| ACE inhibitors mechanism of action | reduce uterine blood flow, leading to decreased placental perfusion and severe fetal hypotension. Block fetal ACE activity, thereby affecting systemic and renal hemodynamics in the fetus |
| Anticonvulsants... potential risks | 1. Malformations 2. OB complications 3. hemorrhage and other problems in the newborn, 4 developmental delays 5. behaviorial problems |
| Anticonvulsant embryopathy | 1. Broad depressed nasal bridge 2. short nose with anteverted nares 3. Long philtrum 4. Maxillary hypoplasia 5. fingernail hypoplasia |
| Androgenic hormones | Masculinization of the female fetus, dose-dependent and critical period 8-13 weeks (labial fusion) later in pregnancy (clitoral hypertrophy) |
| DES critical period of development (andro. hormone) | up to 20 weeks gestation, highest risk for adenocarcinomas between weeks 10 and 13 |
| Fluconazole (Andro. hormone) | Antley-Bixler like phenotype, Pattern of malformations: brachycephaly, craniosynostosis, proptosis, low nasal brdige, cleft palate, femoral bowing, thin ribs and long bones' joint contractures, congenital heart defects |
| Retinoids | Isotretinoin, etretinate, tretinoin, dietary vitamin A, Patterns of malformations: CNS anomalies, ear anomalies, cardiovascular defects, thymus anomalies, intellectual deficiency |
| Critical period for isotretinoin/Retinoids | 15th day following conceptions through the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. |
| Tetracycline | increased risk for defects of primary teeth beyond the 4th month ofpregnancy, (binds to calcium) |
| Streptomycin | hearing loss (damage to the 8th nerve) |
| Thalidomide | Phocomelia, amelia, heart defects, renal and genitourinary anomalies, oral clefts, anomalies of the eyes and external ears |
| Warfarin | stippled epiphyses (between 6 and 9 weeks gestation) |
| Critical period for NTDs | 4-6 weeks |
| Critical period for MR | 7-16 weeks |
| less critical period for CNS | 32-38 weeks |
| Critical period for TA, ASD, and VSD | 3/5 through 6 weeks |
| less critical period for heart | 6 2/3rd through 8 weeks |
| Critical period for amelia/meromelia | 4 weeks to 6 weeks |
| Less critical period for upper limb | 6 weeks to 9 weeks |
| Less critical period for lower limb | 6 weeks to 9 weeks |
| Critical period for cleft lip | weeks 5 and 6 |
| less critical period for upper lip | weeks 7 and 8 |
| Low-set malformed ears and deafness | weks 4 through 9 |
| less critical period ears | weeks 9 through 16 |
| Critical period for microhthalmia, cataracts and glaucoma | weeks 4 through 8 |
| less critical period for eyes | weeks 8 through birth |
| critical period for enamal hypoplasia and staining | weeks 7 and 8 |
| less critical period for teeth | weeks 9 through birth |
| critical period for cleft palate | weeks 7 and 8 |
| less critical period and palate | week 9 |
| critical period for masculinization of female genitalia | weeks 7, 8 and 9 |
| less critical period for external genitalia | weeks 16 and 38 |
| What drugs are associated with clefting? | glucocorticoids and anticonvulsants |
| Chemotherapeutic agents critical period | 8-10 weeks gestation |
| ACE Inhibitors critical period | Second and third trimester |
| Androgenic hormones critical period | 8-13 weeks gestation |
Created by:
KChatham
Popular Genetics sets