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US History Midterm

TermDefinition
George Whitefield An English Anglican cleric and one of the founders of Methodism. He was a prominent preacher during the First Great Awakening in the American colonies.
George Mason An American statesman and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is often called the "Father of the Bill of Rights" for his advocacy of individual rights and his work on the Virginia Declaration of Rights.
George Washington The first President of the United States (1789-1797) and one of the Founding Fathers. He played a crucial role in the American Revolutionary War and is often referred to as the "Father of His Country."
Alexander Hamilton A Founding Father, soldier, economist, and the first Secretary of the Treasury under President George Washington. He was a key figure in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution and a proponent of a strong federal government.
Benjamin Franklin A polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a statesman, scientist, inventor, printer, and writer, known for his experiments with electricity and his role in drafting the U.S. Constitution.
James Madison A political theorist, statesman, and the fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). He is often called the "Father of the Constitution" for his contributions to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson The third President of the United States (1801-1809), principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and an advocate for individual rights and religious freedom.
Thomas Paine An English-American political activist, philosopher, and author, best known for his pamphlets, including "Common Sense," which advocated for American independence from British rule.
Patrick Henry A Founding Father and a prominent figure in the American Revolution. He is best known for his speeches advocating colonial resistance to British rule, including his famous line, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Roger Sherman A Founding Father, lawyer, and politician who played a key role in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution. He also signed all four significant founding documents of the United States.
Jonathan Edwards A Christian preacher and theologian who played a key role in the First Great Awakening. His sermons emphasized the sovereignty of God and the need for a personal religious experience.
John Adams A Founding Father, diplomat, and the 2nd President of the US. Played a crucial role in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution and in the American Revolution. One of the key organizers of the Boston Tea Party, a major figure in the Sons of Liberty.
John Locke An English philosopher and physician, regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers. His ideas on natural rights and the social contract had a profound impact on political philosophy.
John Marshall The fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801-1835). His decisions, especially in cases like Marbury v. Madison, helped establish the principle of judicial review.
John Hancock A Founding Father, merchant, and statesman. He is best known for his large, flamboyant signature on the Declaration of Independence.
Aaron Burr The third Vice President of the United States (1801-1805) and a Founding Father. He is perhaps best known for killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel.
King George III The King of Great Britain during the American Revolution. His policies and taxes were significant factors leading to the American colonies' quest for independence.
Charles Carroll A Founding Father and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was the only Catholic signer of the Declaration.
Treaty of Paris A treaty signed in 1783 that ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty recognized the independence of the United States from Great Britain and established the boundaries between the two nations.
Boston Tea Party A political protest that took place in 1773, where American colonists, angered by the Tea Act, dumped 342 chests of British tea into the Boston Harbor as a demonstration against British taxation without representation.
Olive Branch Petition A peace petition adopted by the Continental Congress in 1775, expressing the colonies' loyalty to the British crown and seeking a peaceful resolution to the conflict with Great Britain. It was, however, rejected by King George III.
Sugar Act A law passed by the British Parliament in 1764 that imposed taxes on sugar, molasses, and other products imported into the American colonies, leading to increased tensions and protests.
Atlantic Slave Trade The forced migration and trading of African people to the Americas as part of the triangular trade system, which involved the exchange of goods, slaves, and resources between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the 16th to the 19th centuries.
Salem Witch Trials A series of hearings and prosecutions that took place in 1692 in colonial Massachusetts, where people were accused of witchcraft. The trials resulted in the execution of 20 individuals.
Quartering Act A series of laws passed by the British Parliament in the 1760s that required American colonies to provide housing and provisions for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.
Townshend Acts A series of British laws passed in 1767 that imposed taxes on various goods imported into the American colonies, leading to increased tensions and boycotts.
Boston Massacre An incident in 1770 in which British soldiers in Boston killed five colonists during a confrontation. The event became a focal point for anti-British sentiment.
Battles of Lexington and Concord The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, where colonial militia confronted British troops in Massachusetts.
Declaration of Independence A document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, declaring the thirteen American colonies independent from British rule.
Checks and Balances A system in the U.S. Constitution that distributes powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.
U.S. Constitution The fundamental law of the United States, drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, outlining the structure of the federal government and the rights of its citizens.
The Enlightenment An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, individual rights, and the separation of church and state.
Lexington and Concord The first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, marking the beginning of armed conflict between American colonists and British forces.
Antifederalists Opponents of the U.S. Constitution during its ratification period, who were concerned about a strong central government and the lack of a bill of rights.
Federalists Supporters of the U.S. Constitution during its ratification period, advocating for a strong central government.
Shay’s Rebellion An armed uprising in Massachusetts in 1786-1787 led by farmers protesting high taxes and economic injustices, highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Bacon’s Rebellion An armed rebellion in 1676 in colonial Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against perceived economic and political injustices.
1st Continental Congress and 2nd Continental Congress Meetings of colonial representatives in 1774 and 1775, respectively, to address grievances with British policies and later to manage the Revolutionary War effort.
"Intolerable Acts" term used to describe a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party in 1774; acts were intended to assert British authority over the colonies; were viewed as harsh and oppressive by the colonists.
Created by: luhbonka
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