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History chapter 1
Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Leif Ericson | Historians believe that a Viking adventurer from Scandinavia, landed in North America around A.D. 1000 |
| Martin Luther | The Reformation began in 1517 when a monk protested false doctrines of the Roman Catholic church by nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany |
| Henry the Navigator | of Portugal founded a navigation school, employed expert mapmakers, built an observatory to study the positions of the sun and stars, and designed a new kind of ship (the caravel) to sail against the wind. |
| Bartholomew Dias | By 1488 they had reached the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. |
| Vasco da Gama | Finally, in 1498, Vasco da Gama sailed all the way around Africa to India, opening a new all-water route to the East |
| Christopher Columbus | of Genoa, Italy, dreamed of sailing west across the Atlantic to Asia. An ironic combination of truth and error led to discover America |
| Amerigo Vespucci | The man credited with being the first to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent was Italian sailor. claimed to have made four voyages to the New World and wrote letters describing his exploits |
| Pope Alexander VI | In 1493 ended the rivalry by drawing an imaginary Line of Demarcation one hundred leagues west of the Azores and the Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic. Spain could claim all new lands west of the line |
| Juan Ponce de León | : In 1513,the conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico, made the first Spanish landing on the Mainland of North America. He Called the land he discovered Florida |
| Vasco de Balboa | Also in 1513, crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean. disappointed many Europeans, for it revealed that a vast ocean lay between the New World and the Far East. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | In 1519 a Portuguese sailor embarked on an epic three-year voyage around the world. Sailing west across the Atlantic and south along the coast of South America, he passed through the strait which now bears his name (Strait of Magellan) |
| Hernando Cortés | : By 1521, had conquered the Aztecs of Mexico. The Aztecs, led at the time by the powerful chieftain Montezuma had developed a remarkably advanced civilization |
| Francisco Pizarro | : By 1533,had conquered the Incas of Peru. The Incas had also developed an advanced civilization featuring excellent roads and impressive architecture. |
| Francisco Coronado | : In 1540, embarked on a futile search for these legendary cities. With an army of three hundred Spanish soldiers and a large group of captive natives, he explored what is today the southwestern United States, including parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas |
| Hernando de Soto | American Southwest, explored what is today the southeastern United States, including parts of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi ,Louisiana ,South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. |
| Philip II | The southwestern United States. Spain also made questionable claims to the North American continent. Even with his claims and actual possessions, had aspirations for an even greater empire. |
| Elizabeth I | Under the Protestant England began to threaten the flow of wealth from the New World to Spain. Interfered by at first secretly and later openly encouraging English pirates, called sea dogs, to prey upon Spanish shipping |
| Jacques Cartier: | Ten years later, an expedition that discovered the St. Lawrence River |
| Samuel de Champlain: | 1608, the first permanent French settlement in the New World was established at Quebec (Canada) by the father of New France |
| Jacques Marquette & Louis Jolliet | In 1673, a Jesuit missionary ,and a fur trader, led an expedition which explored the central Mississippi River as far south as the mouth of the Arkansas River. |
| Robert Cavalier de La Salle | : In 1682, He claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV of France claim to this large expanse of land stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rockies |
| Iroquois Confederacy | Five tribes the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Cayuga tribes of the Northeast joined to form the Iroquois Confederacy. |
| Feudalism | Understanding the system that dominated the Middle Ages gives great significance to the dawning of the Modern Age in which America was born. |
| Reconquista | :At the same time, the Catholics of the Iberian Peninsula began a crusade to drive the Moors (Muslims from North Africa) from the region of Granada in southern Spain, which had also come under Muslim control. |
| Protestant Reformation | soon spread throughout Europe, bringing a revival of Biblical Christianity that had been suppressed by leaders of the Roman church throughout the Middle Ages |
| Line of Demarcation | Boundary Line between Spain and Portugal possessions in the New World |
| Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who defeated the native civilization of South and Central America |
| El Camino Real | The Royal Highway the oldest road in the United States |
| Counter-Reformation | : The Romanov church had also responded to the Protestant Reformation to crush Protestant and to bring as many souls as possible back to the Catholic fold. |
| Invincible Armada | According to his plan, this would sail up the English Channel, pick up troops from the Netherlands and invade England |
| Northwest Passage | The first French explorers came to the New World in search, a supposed water route through North America to the Pacific |
| San Salvador | The explorers landed on an island in the Bahamas, which Columbus named "Holy Savior". |
| Florida | territory first landed upon by Juan Ponce de León; later ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Paris of 1763; ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris of 1783;ceded to the United States In the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819;became a state in 1845 |
| St. Augustine | The Spanish eventually established many settlements in the New World. In 1565,Pedro Menéndez _____ Florida, the first present-day______ began as a presidio , or small fort. |
| Santa Fe | founded in 1610, served as the capital of the Spanish settlement in the American Southwest. The Spaniards later founded San Diego, the first European settlement in California |
| Quebec | 1608, the first permanent French settlement in the New World was established at (Canada) |
| Louisiana | He claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it ______ in honor of King Louis XIV of France |
| New Orleans | _____, Louisiana, founded in 1718, is probably the best-known city of French heritage in America. |
| The three main dividing points of history: | Ancient, Middle Ages, Modern history |
| The three advanced civilization of the Western Hemisphere before Columbus: | Aztec, Maya, and Incas |
| The four most powerful countries of Western Europe: | France, Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom |
| Columbus' three ships: | Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria |
| The first Spanish settlement in California: | Presidio at San Diego |
| Two of the England's sea dogs: | Francis Drake, John Hawkins, Martin Frobisher and Walter Raleigh |
| The three parts of New France | St. Lawrence River, Newfoundland, and Acadia (Nova Scotia) |
| 1440 | The German printer Johann Gutenberg introduced the moveable- type printing press in Europe around ____ |
| 1517 | The Reformation began in ____ when a monk named Martin Luther protested false doctrines of the Roman Catholic church by nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany |
| 1492 | Finally, on October 12, ____, the crew signed land o. The horizon |
| 1588 | By _____, Philip II had assembled an awesome fleet of 139 ships a day about 30,000 men |
| 1608 | In _____, the first permanent French settlement in the New World was established at Quebec (Canada) by Samuel de Champlain , the father of New France |
| Name the islands Columbus visited before crossing the Atlantic on his first voyage: | Juana (Cuba) and Hispaniola (Santo Domingo) |
| Name the explorer who passed through St. Augustine: | Juan Ponce de León |
| Who explored the northwest regions of North America the French or the Spanish: | French |
| Name the Modern-day nation where both Cortés and de Soto began their exploration: | Cuba |
Created by:
Tay M
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