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DCUSH Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was a source of conflict between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s? | Mexico had abolished slavery, but many American settlers were practicing slavery in Texas. |
| Which was a component of the Know-Nothing Party? | anti-Catholicism |
| What two meanings did the term “free soil” have, in regard to the Free Soil Party? | freedom from the existence of slavery in the new territories and government-provided free homesteads for white settlers in these territories |
| Which of the following is an example of the political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party. |
| How did the California gold rush affect the California economy? | It created a sense of competition between American and “foreign” miners. |
| Which statement is true about the Mexican War of 1846–1848? | It was opposed by a significant minority in the North. |
| Which of the following was a critic of the Mexican War? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Why did Democratic and Whig Party lines crumble in 1846? | Northerners, regardless of party, supported the Wilmot Proviso, while southerners opposed it. |
| Which is true of California in the 1850s? | Thousands of Indian children were bought and sold as slaves. |
| Which did Southern leaders hope to gain by making the Texas territory part of the United States? | The territory could potentially be turned into several slave states. |
| Who questioned President Polk’s right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed? | Abraham Lincoln |
| Which statement is true regarding Americans’ reactions to the Mexican War of 1846–1848? | A majority of Americans were inspired by the expansionist fervor of manifest destiny to support the war. |
| Who is identified as an “enemy” in Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession? | the federal government |
| Which 1854 document called for the United States to seize Cuba? | the Ostend Manifesto |
| The term “Californios” referred in the 1830s and 1840s to ________ in California. | Mexican cattle ranchers |
| Which of the goals of the Polk administration resulted in war? | acquiring California |
| Which position was taken by Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates? | Local self-government was essential in order for American to truly be a free county. |
| Why was Vicksburg essential? | Capturing the city allowed the Union to control the entire Mississippi River. |
| The Sea Islands Experiment | centered on formerly enslaved families working for wages on land owned by northern investors. |
| During the Civil War, the North and the South both presented their cause as a fight for “freedom” and “liberty.” | True |
| When did Great Britain abolish slavery in its empire? | 1830s |
| By the third year of the Civil War, the Union had achieved great victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. | True |
| “Greenback” was a Civil War–era nickname for | paper money. |
| Which is true of the slaves who fled to Union lines when the North occupied Confederate territory? | They provided military intelligence to the North. |
| Major General George Pickett led a charge, aptly known as Pickett’s Charge, during the Second Battle at Bull Run. | False |
| In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy? | There should be at least limited black suffrage. |
| Captains of industry like steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and oil man John D. Rockefeller | began creating or consolidating their fortunes during the Civil War. |
| Among the Confederacy’s advantages during the Civil War was | its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer. |
| The New York City draft riots, begun as an attempt to resist the draft, turned into an assault on the city’s black population. | True |
| How can the treatment of Native Americans by the Confederacy be characterized? | They were given a say in the Confederate government. |
| The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, | did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded. |
| Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had what result? | It shifted power from slave-owning planters to northern capitalists. |
| Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction | offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation. |
| Which strategy did General Robert E. Lee follow most consistently during the war? | fighting a defensive war, with the hope that the enemy would simply grow tired of fighting |
| Which of the following statements is true of the Fourteenth Amendment? | It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person. |
| After the Civil War, which territory became the first to allow women to vote? | Wyoming |
| White farmers in the late nineteenth-century South | included many sharecroppers involved in the crop-lien system. |
| During Reconstruction, what new southern class arose due to the building of new railroads? | an urban middle class |
| What did Andrew Johnson do with the land of plantation owners seized during the Civil War? | He returned it to the original owners. |
| Why did Elizabeth Cady Stanton oppose the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment? | It did not ban discrimination in voting based on sex. |
| During Reconstruction, the majority of southern African-Americans | remained poor and without property. |
| The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that | most rights of citizens were under the control of state governments rather than the federal government. |
| Which of the following is one of the central ideas in Frederick Douglass’s speech “The Composite Nation”? | Human rights are universal and indestructible and include the ability of people of all races to migrate freely from one place to another. |
| What did the ex-slaves see as key to significantly improving their condition? | receiving free land as their own property |
| Sharecropping | was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor, because they were less subject to supervision. |
| The Fifteenth Amendment | guaranteed that one could not be denied suffrage based on race. |
| What did Andrew Johnson focus on with his Reconstruction plan? | issuing presidential pardons |
| Which statement is true about the “Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson”? | The petitioners demanded land on the grounds that they had made the lands valuable through their labor. |
| Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom? | Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior. |
| Which of the following was true according to Frederick Douglass? | Slavery was not going to be truly abolished until black men held the ballot. |
| What statements is true about civil liberties during the Civil War | Lincoln allowed those accused of disloyal activities to be held without charge |
| Which is true of the Wilmot Proviso | Response to the measure was determined by geography, with the North supporting it and the South opposing it |
| Which statement is true about the KKK | terrorist organization that attacked black and white republicans during reconstruction |
| The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871 were designed to | stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the KKK |
| At Antietam | the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history |
| Howard University is well known as | a black university in Washington DC |
| Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment | Johnson's lawyers assured moderate Republicans that he would behave for the rest of his term, so several voted to acquit him |
| Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis and his governing | administration suffered from Confederacy's lack of political parties |
| General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order 15 | set aside land to distribute among black families |
| The US Homestead Act of 1862 | offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers |
| The Thirteenth Amendment | abolished slavery throughout the United States |
| President Abraham Lincoln | suggested in his second inaugural address that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of slavery |
| In the early 1840s, a large increase in the migration of American settlers west of the Mississippi River was sparked by | economic depression that began in 1837 |
| In the Dred Scott decision, what was the primary reason given for refusing to consider blacks American citizens | Blacks had been considered inferior in America for more than a century, including by the founding fathers` |
| What is one reason the Civil War is often called the first modern war | Industrial tech had created deadlier weapons |
| The Union draft law | allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes the sharecropping system | Sharecroppers rented land and spilt the crops with the plantation owner |
| How did the Reconstruction amendments change the role of the government | Thy set the stage for federal gov to be the protector of individual freedoms |
| The Democratic party spilt in 1860 over the question of whether to | protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them |
| The American Civil War began in April 1861, when | Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter |
| Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce were the first two blacks to | be part of the U.S Senate |
| Which statement is true regarding American' reactions to the Mexican War | A majority of Americans were inspired by the expansionist fervor of manifest destiny to support the war |
| In the 1850s, Tennessee born William Walker became famous for | seeking to establish himself as a ruler of slaveholding Nicaragua |
| What statement is true regarding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | treaty ceded California and pd New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah to the US |
| President Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the US because | the presence of slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery and he preferred to avoid it |
| Which is true of Texas during its time as an independent nation | relations between Anglos and Tejanos deteriorated |
| Most of those termed scalawags during Reconstruction had been | non slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War |
| Lincoln's vision during the Civil War | was that the American nation embodied a set of universal ideals rooted in political democracy and human freedom |
| The Black Codes | violated free labor principles so celebrated by the North at the time |
| Which statement is true regarding the Lincoln Douglas debates of 1858 | Lincoln believed that blacks as well as whites were entitled to natural rights of DoI |
| What became a key component of the Underground Railroad in the 1850s | Trains were used more frequently to take slaves to Canada and freedom |
| Who led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia | John Brown |
| Between 1840 and 1845, how did most emigrants travel to new lands in Oregon? | Wagon trains |
| Which statement is true regarding free labor ideology? | According to free labor ideology, slavery must be kept out of the territories so that free laborers could move up to the status of landowning farmers and independent craftsmen. |
| In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and _ led to a reorientation of New Mexico's commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States. | Independence, Missouri |
| Why did President James K. Polk initiate military action against Mexico in April 1846? | Polk wanted to purchase California, but Mexico refused to negotiate. |
| The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement. |
| "Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of | Oregon |
| What argument was made by critics of the Dred Scott decision such as James McCune Smith and John McLean? | All free persons born on American soil were automatically citizens. |
| The Civil War proved to be disastrous for which noncombatants? | Navajos |
| Abraham Lincoln realized that his armies had to capture the Confederate capital, Richmond, in order to win the war. | False |
| During the Civil War, all Navajo men were forced to fight for the Union army. | False |
| Approximately how many slaves gained their freedom in the Western Hemisphere between 1831 and 1888? | 6 million |
| How did southern women respond to food shortages during the Civil War? | They petitioned the government in large numbers for relief. |
| Lincoln's second inaugural address | described the Civil War as divine punishment. |
| Copperheads were | what Republicans called northern opponents of the war. |
| For the 1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair Jr. had a campaign motto of | "This Is a White Man's Country. Let White Men Rule." |
| Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War? | Methodist and Baptist |
| In terms of employment, blacks most avidly searched for | the possibility to work their own land. |
| How can Andrew Johnson be compared to Abraham Lincoln? | Johnson was more stubborn and less willing to compromise than Lincoln. |
| The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 | defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race. |
| How do historians frequently perceive the laws and amendments introduced to the Constitution during Reconstruction? | as equivalent to a second founding of America |
| Why did Mark Twain call Anson Burlingame "a citizen of the world"? | Burlingame looked beyond a narrow view of citizenship. |
| If a man from Maine came to live in the South as a teacher, what would he most likely be labeled as? | Carpetbagger |
| The southern Black Codes | allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts. |
| Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s? | Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave. |
| Which represents Abraham Lincoln's views on race in the 1850s? | Black men should have economic opportunities to better themselves. |
| In the Texas borderland in the years after 1836, | Tejanos were increasingly confined to unskilled agricultural and urban labor. |
| Why were the Know-Nothings unable to curb the political influence of Irish immigrants? | Voting rights were being determined by race. |
| Which American naval officer negotiated a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships in 1854? | Matthew Perry |
| What was a key provision of the Compromise of 1850? | The New Mexico and Utah Territories would use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery. |
| According to John L. O'Sullivan's Democratic Review, what was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires? | Race |
| The Emancipation Proclamation represented a turning point in Lincoln's own thinking. | True |
| Desertion was a major problem in the Union army, but occurred only occasionally in the Confederate army. | False |
| During the Civil War, the types of work that were considered appropriate for women expanded. | True |
| Monitor and Merrimack were | Ironclad ships |
| With regard to civil liberties during the Civil War, President Lincoln | suspended the writ of habeas corpus. |
| "King Cotton diplomacy" was intended to promote economic self-sufficiency in the South and force England to intervene on the side of the Confederacy. | True |
| General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to | demoralize the South's civilian population. |
| During the Civil War, northern Protestant ministers | helped create a civic religion combining Christianity and patriotism. |
| What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives? | He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes white yeoman (small) farmers? | After the war, many white yeoman farmers went into debt, lost their farms, and became sharecroppers as a result. |
| What effect did emancipation have on the structure of the black family? | Black families increasingly adopted the nineteenth-century idea that men and women held different responsibilities. |
| Other societies experienced the transition from slavery to freedom around the same time as the United States. What type of labor did plantation owners in the British Caribbean use to continue their operations? | indentured servants from India and China |
| How did southern leaders tend to react to black freedom after the Civil War? | They tended to view it as a privilege and not a right. |
| The Reconstruction amendments toppled the ideals of what Supreme Court decision? | Dred Scott v. Sandford |
| Which political faction was most upset when the United States and Britain split territory in Oregon at the forty-ninth parallel? | northern Democrats |
| Which of the following is an example of the political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Repablican Party. |
| The Wade Davis Bill | would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans. |
| What was the significance of the fighting that occurred at Fort Pillow, Tennessee? | It was evidence of brutal treatment of black Union soldiers by the Confederate army. |
| Which September 1864 event helped Lincoln win reelection as president that November? | Sherman's capture of Atlanta |
| Which industry declined during the Civil War? | Cotton |
| Which was a strength of George McClellan as a general? | He was very effective at organizing and training troops. |
| According to the petitions that freedmen sent to President Andrew Johnson, what had the government promised them? | homesteads |
| The Freedmen's Bureau's greatest accomplishments were in | Education and healthcare |
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