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H.HistoryExam1Vocab
Honors History Semester 1 Exam Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mayflower Compact | First Constitution of the colonies |
| Homestead Act | First meaningful incentive to prospective farmers 160 acres free for anyone who lived on land for 5 years |
| Morrill Land Grant Act | Gave states land for public universities |
| Cotton Diplomacy | England and France are the largest importers of American cotton; South uses this for support / dictate decisions |
| Sugar Act | Paid for 10,000 British troops stationed in colonies |
| Stamp Act | Required purchase of specially embossed paper; Direct tax on stamped paper |
| Declaratory Act | Parliament had the authority to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" |
| Townshend Revenue Act | Raise money to pay for judges and government salaries. |
| Tea Act | Tax on East India Co. Tea; limit purchase power |
| Coercive / Intolerable Acts | a series of four laws; Retaliate for the acts of colonial defiance by establishing a new administration for Britain’s territory |
| Treaty of Paris | Ended the war between England and the Colonies; shared the MS River |
| Jefferson's Embargo | Purpose was to make Britain and France see U.S. as neutral; Britain will end impressment; open/free trade can exist |
| Treaty of Ghent | Ended war of 1812 |
| Monroe Doctrine | U.S. is now closed to further European expansion; U.S. would not get involved in further European conflicts |
| Interstate Commerce Act | First government agency to regulate shipping |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | first to prevent the growth of monopolies and trusts; makes it illegal to monopolize "any part of trade or commerce," because the "public is best served by fair competition in trade and industry." |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | first law to ban immigration based on nationality and race |
| Feudalism | Wealthy (or noble) land owner gave parcels of land to people to farm. Labor had to pay rent + share of crop/livestock |
| Mercantilism | Economic policy where government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth |
| Abolitionism | Political movement to end slavery |
| Transcendentalism | Intellectual writing; emphasized individualism and communing with nature |
| Nativism | Policy of keeping society ethnically homogenous (one ethnic group) |
| Encomienda | Forced labor system (slavery) |
| Virgin soil epidemics | Warfare + famine + low birth rates + disease = Easier European colonial expansion |
| Columbian Exchange | Trade between Europe and North America, Caribbean, and South America |
| Protestant Reformation | Significant battles between Catholics and Protestants for control |
| Slave Codes | Allowed masters to torture, maim, kill without legal punishment; made slavery a permanent condition, inherited through the mother, and defined slaves as property |
| Emancipation | Declared slavery in the states of the Confederacy was illegal; liberated slaves from slavery |
| Elastic Clause | President can make economic decisions if it is for the good of the growth of the country (Implied Powers) |
| Impressment | Forcing men into military service |
| Infrastructure | Structures and systems needed for the functioning of developed societies |
| Manifest Destiny | Idea that the U.S. had the divine right to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| Capital | wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available or contributed for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing. |
| Xenophobia | Hatred of foreigners or immigrants |
| Civil Disobedience | Peacefully challenge laws you feel are immoral or unjust |
| Jim Crow | Racial Caste system which segregated blacks from whites, primarily in the Southern and border states between 1865-1965; Jim Crow was a character created by Thomas Dartmouth Rice in 1830 for a minstrel show |
| Border State | Undecided slave owning state; strategic asset |
| Secession | The withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War. |
| Anaconda Plan | "Scott's Great Snake"; naval blockade of Southern ports to strangle trade economy (MS/OH River) |
| Vertical Integration | Gaining control of the production at every step |
| Horizontal Integration | Gaining control of the entire market by buying up the competition |
| Monopoly | One individual or company swallows up all of the competition |
| Trust | Big companies buy up small companies in an effort to monopolize the industry |
Created by:
lexi.welte
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