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History final 2023
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enlightenment Race | This opened up the Great Awakening which made people change due to many factors such as religion’, and wanting to expand in the religious communities. This was a big factor whenever a new law or something big was occurring in the nation at the time. Every |
| Pan-Indianism under Techumseh and Tenskwatawa | Indians are to not turn into the white folks, but instead return to their true path and culture. Tenskwatawa stressed the need for cultural and religious renewal. |
| Jeffersonian Indian Policy | “Red Yeomen” establishing Indian agents to bring civilization to the Indians. Teach them how to farm the “American way”, Christianity, private property, and capitalism. If they don’t give in trade with them done via the factory system which is to establis |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | - A second branch located in Baltimore, Maryland imposed a new property tax, access the tax and the bank refuses to pay it. Appealed and makes way to Supreme court, was it constitutional to establish a national bank, could a state levy taxes within its bo |
| Proliferation of the cash economy | Due to the increased production of cotton because of the large amount of slaves that were in the nation there was many factors as to why there was an increased amount of income for the nation. The south and the north both benefitted from the increase of t |
| Impact of the Market Revolution on families | cultures will chance, beginnings of time and schedules. Regimentation- quality of life will go down due to no wages. There was no labor laws or labor unions. Artisans had more options: work in a factory or move to a different city and go into a completely |
| Transportation revolution | From NYC to Athens GA transportation consisted of: national roads/ state roads built with federal money, linked the east coast to the Missouri river, Corduroy road- built by logs. Steamboats: going upstream was the problem which is why they were created. |
| Waltham System | Combined every part of the textile mill process under one roof (factory) Women are the ones mainly doing the work. The idea of independence- becoming dependent on wage labor. Positives: women can live at the factory, more independence, make their own mone |
| Opinion of elites about democracy in the early republic | They were hated due to the fact that the poor whites never had a say in politics or government. |
| Petticoat affair | began as a disagreement among elite women in Washington D.C but it eventually led to the disbanding of Jackon’s cabinet. |
| Free African Americans in the 1820s-1830s | They weren’t free, and there was many laws created to recapture the slaves and bring them back into the south even thought they were “free” in the north. So this caused the slaves to go back and be readmitted and not free anymore. |
| Cotton gin 1793 | Long Staple (no seeds and only grow along the coasts) vs. Short Staple Cotton (hearty, grow anywhere, contains hard seeds). Cotton gin can separate seeds from the cotton mechanically. Can make cotton more economically viable |
| Paternalism | the belief that the government was acting in the best interest of the Native people. |
| Tallmadge Amendment | 1819, first attempt to solve dilemma to what will happen to Missouri, admitted as a slave state, no slaves will be allowed to be imported. Any slave born after would be emancipated at age 27. |
| Significance of universal suffrage for all white men | as voting expands for white males, it contracts for others- freed black men, allowed African American men to vote as long as they had property. Women will lose their right to vote but after 1807 no state allowed women to vote. |
| Cash crops during the Market Revolution | Cotton was still a booming success for cash crops, |
| Southern middle class | They worked in a cash crop economy, and they either worked in factories or elsewhere, since transportation was growing they had a choice to go far with their jobs and they did chose so. |
| Dueling and the legal system in the Old South | The only people that actually had a say in their votes and were heard in the jurisdiction were the plantation owners because they were rich and only rich people were heard in this time period. Poor people fought their way to make it to the top. |
| How 10k families dominated southern politics | The system is rigged toward the planters, legislation (which passed black codes “slave codes” and fugitive slave laws). Taxes weren’t prioritized unless it benefitted the plantation owners. |
| Low country yeomen and slavery | LCY don’t own their own slaves, but they do have their own land and grow crops. They were aspirational, aspired to one day having a bigger plantation. Benefited from paternalism. |
| Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson | Andrew Jackson is a president, who is also on the 20 dollar bill, and he killed all the Indians. He made insane promises and properties. Rachel was the wife of Jackson and he was having affairs which made her upset. |
| Nullification crisis | one of the main issues was dividing Americans during his presidency was a sectional dispute over national tax policy that would come to define Jackson’s no-holds-barred approach to government. |
| Second Great Awakening causes | religious motives, African Americans were listening to the sermons. Stories of escaping was heard. Christians have a duty to help others. Undermining slavery. Benevolent empire- desire to fight sin and fight for Christ. |
| Why anti-slavery supporters became abolitionists | Started in the North among quakers in PA. The first group to be created was the American colonization Society in 1817. Then the free soil party. Also these anti-slavery people didn’t want the African Americans to gain some sort of citizenship they just wa |
| Women and the social reform movements of the Jacksonian Era. | Women often worked in factories or the lower paying jobs compared to other jobs because these were the only ones offered to them and the only ones available since no one else wanted them. Also, women felt more of the need to step in since their husbands w |
| The American System | this was the idea of an American schooling system which would show Native Americans how to turn into the Americans, convert their religions, convert their way of living, and overall change their culture. AKA whitewashing. |
| Nativism in 1840s-1860s | due to the influx of immigrants entering the country, nativism was a big crucial part of groups forming with one another to stay true with beginnings. |
| Second Great Awakening characteristics | fixing projects about negative issues such as poverty, teaming w immigrants, strange accents, different religions, worker exploitation, women being paid lower than men, population destiny. |
| Rise of the penitentiary | reformation practices- if the environment is the problem, we should just change it and put them somewhere else and for a longer period of time. |
| Filibuster movement | Intenet on overpowering the ‘lesser peoples’ despite neutrality laws that forbid Americans from privately engaging in warfare within the country and with other countries. |
| American Colonization Society | 1817, offering to buy slaves away from planters to ship them back to Liberia. Founded by plantation owners who lived in Virginia. Not rooted in any ideas of black equality. Plantation owners in the south hated this idea because their free labor was going |
| Defining qualities of abolitionism | - Immediacy (slaves should be free immediately without compensation for the owners.) Morality (emancipating slaves is morally correct. People compromise their own morality when they own slaves.) Racial Equality ( everybody has spiritual equality if they c |
| Indian removal act of 1830 | result of increased demand of southern grown cotton. Global demand of land, and enslaving African Americans. Jackson lobbied for congress to make an act bc they weren’t adapting and assimilating to American culture. Intended mainly for citizens in the sou |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) | Cherokee man killed another one of himself, deputies arrested murderer and appealed his conviction to supreme court. GA had no jurisdiction inside the Cherokee nation. C nation was domestic dependent nation who were wards of the federal gov. Job of the fe |
| Paternalism and Manifest Destiny | Paternalism- sticking to ones roots without having an outside assistance. MD- founded by Solomon, expand democracy coast to coast, seen as a way to open up the pacific coast to open trade w the east. |
| Slave power conspiracy | southerners were manipulating to change the constitution which others believe it is endangering their democracy. 3/5’s was apart of this conspiracy- southerners gain an advantage during voting seasons. Which then created a balance in the senate which made |
| American Revolution and Slavery | After the American revolution they had a lot of reconstructing to do within their own nation. This included rebuilding the nation with their emotions, their way of living, their mindset on certain topics, and whether or not slavery would be in certain sta |
| Democrat Party and Slavery after 1828 | This party was created to help block out the whigs since they were more about being self-centered based on slavery and religion. The Democrats believe that it shouldn’t have been based on solely religion but also about what the people want to elect based |
| President James Buchanan and federal government power | he was democratic and thought that a republican victory might bring about disunion. |
| Stephen Douglas and Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 | SD was a powerful democrat who was a senator from IL, he wanted to make Chicago the eastern terminus of the Transcontinental RR. KN act- the idea of popular sovereignty was created, which made northerners feel that it was too pro-south. Death of the Whig |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | Scott was brought into free territory and sued for freedom. The question to be asked was: did he have the right to sue, was he free? Taney said that he was a slave so he had no right to sue. Congress had no constitutional right to ban slavery above the Mi |
| Formation of the Republican party | Occurred after the break up of the Whigs which formed the know-nothings which they later realized that it was time for them to create their own party based on their views |
| 1860 presidential election | The democrats were internally divided, and consisted of the constitutional union party which was John Bell- pro-slavery whigs, who didn’t take a stance on slavery or territories. Vote results come out split along sectional lines. Lincoln ends up winning a |
| Confederate nationalism | Because the south had ceded from the north due to the main issue which was slavery, they were really big on having slavery be legal in the south. They believed the North was trying to ruin their life because they were “trying to change their way of living |
| Anaconda Plan | Windfield Scott- most experienced general, develops this plan Surround them economically1) establish a costal blockade, to control the coast. South has cotton they need to export it so it blocks the south from exporting. 2) Control the Mississippi River. |
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