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Chap 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| progressive | adj. moving toward new ideas, modern policies, or opportunities |
| diagnostic | adj. related to identifying a disease or a problem |
| civic center | n. a building for public performances, sporting events, etc. |
| contaminated | adj. dirty, dangerous, or polluted |
| absolutism | n. a form of government in which the ruler or leader has unchecked authority to do what they want without any restrictions |
| lawsuit | n. a process in which the courts decide a disagreement or enforce a right |
| political disenfranchisement | n. deprivation of the right to vote |
| accommodationist | n. one who compromises or adapts to the attitudes of someone else |
| ostracize | v. to shun or ignore a person |
| socialist, | n. a person who supports an economic system in which major industries are owned or regulated by the government rather than by private businesses |
| protective tariff | n. a tariff intended primarily to protect domestic producers rather than to yield revenue |
| gold standard | n. the system by which the value of a currency was defined in terms of gold, for which the currency could be exchanged. |
| Bimetallism | n. a system of allowing the unrestricted currency of two metals (e.g. gold and silver) as legal tender at a fixed ratio to each other. |
| Overproduction | n. the production of more of a product, commodity, or substance than is wanted or needed |
| Munn v Illinois | United States supreme court case that allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads. |
| Wabash v. Illinois | United States Supreme Court case that limited the rights of states to regulate interstate commerce. |
| Sharecropper | n. A tenant farmer who gives up part of each crop as rent |
| Bourbon Democrats | n. members of the Democratic Party who were ideologically aligned with fiscal conservatism or classical liberalism |
| The Grange | n. a non-governmental, non-partisan, fraternal association that advocates for agriculture and rural America. |
| Farmers Alliance | n. an American agrarian movement during the 1870s and ’80s that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the creation of cooperatives and political advocacy. |
| Populists | n. a person, especially a politician, who strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups |
| graduated income tax | n. Income tax that adjusts in relation to the amount subject to taxation. |
| direct election | n. A system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person or political party that they desire to see elected. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | n. Federal law that regulated the railroad industry; required railroad rates to be reasonable and just. |
| regulate/regulation | v. control or supervise (something, especially a company or business activity) by means of rules and regulations. |
| muckraking/muckrakers | n. Journalist that exposed scandal. |
| Thomas Nast | n. German born caricaturist and editorial cartoonist known as the “Father of American Cartoon” |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | n. U.S law passed in 1906 to ensure sanitary preparation of consumable goods. |
| Meat Packing Act | n. Passed in 1906 U.S. law that mandated USDA inspection of meat products |
| Social Gospel Movement | n. Religious social reform movement 1870-1920 |
| Settlement Movement | n. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity and social connection. |
| Union | n. a club, society, or association formed by people with a common interest or purpose |
| Skilled | adj. having or showing the knowledge, ability, or training to perform a certain activity or task well |
| Unskilled | adj. Not having or requiring special skill or training |
| Bargain | n. an agreement between two or more parties as to what each party will do for the other. |
| Negotiate | v. obtain or bring about by discussion |
| Socialism | n. a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole |
| child labor | n. the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane |
| settlement house | n. An institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community |
| Initiative | n. the ability to assess and initiate things independently |
| Referendum | n. a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision. |
| Recall | n. the removal of an elected government official from office by a petition followed by voting. |
| Australian ballot | n. a form of secret ballot, in which votes are cast in private on uniform ballot papers |
| direct primaries | n. An election in which nominations of candidates for office are made by direct vote. |
| Robert LaFollette | n. Robert Marion "Fighting Bob" La Follette Sr., was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the governor of Wisconsin from 1901 to 1906. |
| Trustbuster, | n. A person or agency employed to enforce antitrust legislation |
| Square Deal | n. President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. |
| New Freedom | n. political ideology of Woodrow Wilson, enunciated during his successful 1912 presidential campaign, pledging to restore unfettered opportunity for individual action and to employ the power of government in behalf of social justice for all. |
| Conservation | n. Prevents wasteful use of a resource |
| Northern Securities Case | n. 1904 Northern Securities case was a federal prosecution in which President Roosevelt ordered the Department of Justice to take the Northern Securities Company to court for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act |
| bully pulpit | n. a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue |
| Hepburn Act | n. 1906 United States federal law that expanded the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and gave it the power to set maximum railroad rates. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | n. first legislation enacted by the United States Congress (1890) to curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition. |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | n. U.S. law that prohibits anti-competitive business behavior, such as price fixing and monopolies, and protects the rights of labor. |
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