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Ch. 11 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A society in which the institution of slavery affects all aspects of life. | slave society |
| The Old South gentry who envisioned themselves as an American aristocracy and feared federal government interference with their slave property. | republican aristocracy |
| A term coined by Major Stephen H. Long in 1820 to describe the grasslands of the southern plains from the ninety-fifth meridian west to the Rocky Mountains, which he believed was “almost wholly unfit for cultivation.” | Great American Desert |
| Form of voting that allows the voter to enter a choice privately rather than making a public declaration for a candidate. | secret ballot |
| The 1836 defeat by the Mexican army of the Texan garrison defending the Alamo in San Antonio. Newspapers urged Americans to “Remember the Alamo,” and American adventurers, lured by offers of land grants, flocked to Texas to join the rebel forces. | Alamo |
| A Creole language that combined English and African words in an African grammatical structure. It remained widespread in the South Carolina and Georgia low country throughout the nineteenth century and is still spoken in a modified form today. | Gullah dialect |
| A system of labor common in the rice-growing regions of South Carolina in which a slave was assigned a daily task to complete and was allowed to do as he wished upon its completion. | task system |
| The largest slave revolt in nineteenth-century North America, it began on January 8, 1811, on Louisiana sugar plantations and involved more than two hundred enslaved workers. About ninety-five slaves were killed in the fighting or executed as a result. | German Coast Uprising |
| A term coined by John L. O’Sullivan in 1845 to express the idea that Euro-Americans were fated by God to settle the North American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. | Manifest destiny |
| An emigrant route that originally led from Independence, Missouri, to the Willamette Valley in Oregon, a distance of some 2,000 miles. Alternate routes included the California Trail, the Mormon Trail, and the Bozeman Trail. Together moved 1000s. | Oregon Trail |
| The elite Mexican ranchers in the province of California. | Californios |
| Democratic candidate Governor James K. Polk’s slogan in the election of 1844 calling for American sovereignty over the entire Oregon Country, which stretched from California to Russian-occupied Alaska and at the time was shared with Great Britain. | "Fifty-four forty or fight!" |
| A short-lived republic created in California by American emigrants to sponsor a rebellion against Mexican authority in 1846. | Bear Flag Republic |
| The “war party,” led by ___________ and recent migrants from Georgia, demanded independence for Texas | Sam Houston |
| Members of the “peace party,” led by _______________, negotiated with the central government in Mexico City for greater political autonomy. | Stephen Austin |
| Austin won significant concessions for the Texans, including an exemption from a law ending slavery, but in 1835 Mexico’s president,_______________________________, nullified them. Santa Anna wanted to impose national authority throughout Mexico | General Antonio López de Santa Anna |
| The Democrats selected ________ of Tennessee, a slave owner & avowed expansionist. “Young Hickory” because he was a protége of Jackson, shared iron will, boundless ambition, determination to open up lands. Fifty-four forty or fight | James K. Polk |
| Polk ordered _______________and an American army of 2,000 soldiers to occupy disputed lands between the Nueces River (the historic southern boundary of Spanish Texas) and the Rio Grande, which the Republic of Texas had claimed as its border with Mexico. | General Zachary Taylor |
| The president also instructed the War Department to dispatch _____________ and an “exploring” party of soldiers into Mexican territory. By December 1845, Frémont’s force had reached California’s Sacramento River Valley. | Captain John C. Frémont |
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