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Chapter 18
Ireland 1916-1923: The Struggle For Independence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the IRB Believe Britain difficulty was Irelands Opportunity | They believed that Britain was distracted elsewhere after the break out of WWI and this would be a perfect time to strike |
| What did the IRB form and Who was one member of it | They Formed the Secret Military Council Pádraig Pearse |
| Why was the council Secret | Due to the danger of infiltration by spies for the British government |
| Who did the IRB get their weapons from | Germany |
| Why was it decide that the Rising would take place on Easter Sunday | Easter was a holiday period so the police would not be active Pearse Believed in Blood Sacrifice: that they would give up their lives for the good of the future of Ireland. This was symbolically linked to Christ's sacrifice on the cross during Easter |
| What were Eoin Macniell's views on the idea of a rebellion | He was opposed to the idea of a rebellion, he thought that the Irish volunteers could only justify violence if they got attacked first |
| Did the military council want mac nielll's and the volunteers support | yes |
| What did the Military Council do to convince MacNeill to let the Irish volunteers take part in the Easter Rising | They Forged a document stating that the British Government planned to disarm the Irish Volunteers and showed it to Macneill |
| What did the document become known as | The Castle Document |
| Did Macneill let the Irish Volunteers participate in The Easter Rising after seeing the castle document | Yes |
| What ship was meant to supply arms and ammunition to the Irish volunteers | the Aud |
| What happend to the Aud | The Aud was captured by the British navy in Tralee Bay on the friday before Easter, It was sunk by its captain and all 20,000 rifles were lost |
| Who was meant to arrive in Kerry along with the arms and ammunition | Roger Casement |
| What happend to him | Casement , who had been travelling in a German submarine, was captured |
| What did Eoin Macneill find out about the castle document | Eoin Macneill found out that the Castle document was a forgery |
| What Did Eoin Macneill do after finding out the castle document was a forgery | He cancelled the participation of the Irish Volunteers in the rising by placing a notice in the Sunday Independent newspaper |
| Did the Military Council still go ahead with the rising | Yes |
| When did the rising actually go ahead | Easter Monday, 24 April 1916 |
| Why did Pearse decide to do the rising on a monday | He thoughtthat the British would not excpect this after the loss of Aud It was a Bank Holiday Monday so many British soldiers based in Dublin had the day off. |
| Where was the rising mainly confined to | The capital as only volunteers from Dublin could be gathered on such a short notice |
| was the rising going to be a military success | No but they hoped that their blood sacrifice would inspire people |
| About How many Volunteers marched from Liberty Hall to Various City Center Buildings | 1,500 |
| What Buildings did the Volunteers Occupy | General Post Office (GPO) Jacobs Factory Boland's Mill the Four Courts the South Dublin Union the Mendicity Institution St Stephen's Green the Royal College of Surgeons |
| Which Building was occupied by Pearse and Connolly | the GPO (they made it the headquarters of the rising) |
| What did Pearse read outside the GPO | the Proclamation of Independence of The Irish Republic announcing that they were setting up a provisional (temporary) Government replacing Britain's control in Ireland |
| What Was Britain's Response to the rising | the sent in Extra soldiers and by Tuesday Evening the British Soldiers outnumbered the rebels by 5,000 |
| By what day was it clear that the rebels had been defeated | Friday |
| On what day did Pearse surrender Unconditionally | Saturday |
| Why did the rising fail | Lack of Weapons Small number of Irish Fighters Confusion Leading up to the rising Britain had greater number of soldiers and better weapons Rebels based themselves in areas that could be easily surrounded |
| What were the Consequences of the Easter Rising | 500 Killed 2,500 Injured Damage to Buildings and Property amounted to nearly 4 million euro Almost 3,000 people were sent to British Prisons such as Frongoch in Wales 90 Leaders of the Rising were sentenced to Death The newspapers referred to 'the Sin |
| What were the Consequences of the Easter Rising pt2 | n Féin Rising' and so Sinn Féin's Popularity surged, Sinn féin however were not officialy involved in the 1916 rising |
| What is a commemoration | a ceremony in which a person or an event is remembered |
| what year was the 1916 rising commemoration | 2016 |
| What do we do when we commemorate | we remember important events and people from our past that have helped to shape who we are today |
| Why is the Easter Rising commemorated | because the efforts of the rebels and the reaction of the British helped convince many more people to turn against British Rule and seek full independence for Ireland |
| When Did the rising end everywhere | Monday 1 May 1916 |
| The Rise of Sinn Féin and the First Dáil | The Rise of Sinn Féin and The First Dáil |
| Who was given the credit for the Easter rising | Sinn Féin |
| As a result what type of people were drawn to the party | Many Young People |
| what were the new opinions on Home Rule | Many became convinced that Home Rule Would Not Be Enough |
| Instead of trying to achieve Home Rule, What was Sinn Féin's New Aim | The New aim was to achieve 'the international recognition of Ireland as an independent Irish Republic' |
| Who took over as the leader of Sinn Féin in 1917 | Éamon de Valera |
| IN 1918, the British Gov. planned to introduce Conscription to Ireland, What is Conscription? | Conscription is when it is made compulsory for men aged 18 and over to join the military for a period of time |
| What did the 1918 General election results show | That people no longer wanted a Home Rule Parliament but instead Favoured a republic with complete independence from Britain |
| What did Sinn Féin Decide to do | Sinn Féin Decided to form a government in Dublin, They would work to achieve a republic |
| What did Sinn Féin Call their Government | Dáil Éirinn (meeting of Ireland) |
| What did they Issue at the Dáil's First meeting | a Declaration of Independence, saying that they would establish an Irish Republic |
| What did the Ireland Government Act of 1920 say | that there would be one Home Rule Parliament in Ulster and one for the rest of Ireland |
| What years was the war of independence | 1919-1921 |
| What was the Cause of the War of Independence 1919-1921 | a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) patrol was ambushed in Soloheadbeg in Co. Tipperary. Two RIC constables were killed by a group of volunteers, led by Dan Breen and Séan Treacy, The ambush was not authorised by the Dáil |
| What did the Irish Volunteers become known as and why | the Irish Republican Army (IRA), as the Dáil had declared them the official army of the Irish Republic |
| What were the combat Methods of the IRA | Guerrilla Warfare: ambushes and hit-and-run methods The Squad: assassins whose job was to kill spies and British detectives Flying Columns: Took part in large-scale ambushes, raided local police stations for arms and helped organise the IRA inRuralareas |
| What were the combat Methods of the IRA pt2 | Black and Tans: Made up of ex-British soldiers and named for the colours of their uniforms |
| What is one Key event of the war of independence | 21 November 1920: Collins' squad killed 13 British intelligence agents in the dawn hours, in Retaliation, the Auxiliaries entered Croke Park during a Dublin vs Tip football match and opened fire on the crowd killing 12 people, this became Bloody Sunday |
| When did the Truce between the two sides begin | 11 July 1921 |
| Where did the Treaty Negotiations begin | London |
| Who was part of the Irish Delegation | Arthur Griffith, Micheal Colllins |
| Why did De Valera not go | He wanted to be in Ireland to deal with groups like the IRA if needed |
| who did the British Delegation include | Lloyd George, Winston Churchill |
| What did The Irish Delegation and British Delegation want | The Irish Delegation Wanted: A republican Completely Independent of Britain No Border/Partition between North and South The British Delegation Wanted: To Keep Ireland within the British Empire To protect the Ulster Unionists |
| How long did the negotiations last | Two Months |
| What were the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty | Ireland would not be a republic but a dominion: a slef-governing country within the British Empire Ireland would be called the Irish Free State All TDs Would have to take to an oath of allegiance to the British Crown |
| Was the opinion of the public on the Anglo-Irish Treaty Divided or unified | Divided |
| Who did was on the Pro-Treaty Side and who was on the Anti-Treaty Side | Pro-Treaty Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins Anti-Treaty Éamon de Valera, Cathal Brugha |
| What were the Main Arguments of the Pro-Treaty Side | -They Could Not Fund A War Against Britain Any Longer -The Treaty Was A Stepping Stone To Full Independence -The Treaty Was An Improvement On Home Rule -The Treaty Guaranteed Immediate Peace With Britain |
| What were the Main Arguments of The Anti-Treaty Side | -They Had Not Achieved The Republic That They Had Fought And Died For -They Should Have Achieved Better Terms -Irish TDs Should Not Have To Swear An Oath Of Allegiance To The Crown -The Treaty Left Ireland Partitioned |
| Why Did The Civil War, 1922-1923 happen | IRA supporters of the Treaty, also known as the Irish Free State or the Regulars, and the IRA members who were against the Treaty became known as the Irregulars were in conflict |
| What were three events of the Civil War | On 28 June 1922 Collins Began to attack the Four Courts with artillery borrowed from Britain 64 people died in Dublin, De Valera supported the anti-Treaty Side of the IRA The Free state Army grew to 60,000, Greatly outnumbering the irregulars |
| How did the Civil War 1922-1923 End | Arthur Griffith died of a brain haemorrhage Collins was killed in an ambush in Béal na Bláth while inspecting the Free State Army |
| What were the Consequences of the Civil War 1922-1923 | Death and Damage to Property: Roughly 38 million Euro of damage was caused to property A Divided Country: Families and friends had split accross pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty lines Political Developments after the Civil War |
Created by:
JMahango
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