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Ch. 9 Vocab
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The right to vote. 1820 and 1860, most states revised their constitutions to extend the vote to all adult white males. Black adult men gained the right to vote with the passage of the 14 Amendment. The 19 amendment granted adult women the right to vote. | franchise |
| Northern landlords, slave-owning planters, and seaport merchants who dominated the political system of the early nineteenth century. | notables |
| A highly organized group of insiders that directs a political party. These party organizations, kept power through the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters. Replaced by disciplined political parties. | political machines |
| A meeting held by a political party to choose candidates, make policies, and enforce party discipline | caucus |
| The sharp decline in birthrate in the United States beginning in the 1790s that was caused by changes in cultural behavior, including the use of birth control. Factor- migration of thousands of young men to the trans-Appalachian west | demographic transition |
| The idea that the primary political role of American women was to instill a sense of patriotic duty and republican virtue in their sons and husbands and mold them into exemplary citizens. | republican motherhood |
| Founded by Henry Clay and other prominent citizens in 1817, the society argued that slaves had to be freed and then resettled, in Africa or elsewhere. | American Colonization Society |
| Political agreements devised by Henry Clay. Maine entered the Union as a free state and MO followed as a slave state, a balance in the Senate between N and S. Farther west, it set the northern boundary of slavery at the southern boundary of Missouri | Missouri Compromise |
| Mercantilist system of national economic development advocated by Clay and adopted by Quincy Adams a national bank to manage the nation’s finances, tariffs to provide revenue, encourage industry nationally funded network of roads, canals, and railroads | American System |
| Government-funded public works such as roads and canals. | internal improvements |
| When Speaker of the House Henry Clay used his influence to select John Quincy Adams as president in 1824, and then Adams appointed Clay secretary of state, Andrew Jackson’s supporters called it a corrupt bargain. | corrupt bargain |
| A tariff enacted in 1828 that raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods. It enraged the South, which had no industries that needed protection and resented the higher cost of imported goods. | Tariff of Abominations |
| The widespread award of public jobs to political supporters after an electoral victory. In 1829, Andrew Jackson instituted the system on the national level, arguing that the rotation of officeholders was preferable to a permanent group of bureaucrats. | spoils system |
| The constitutional argument advanced by John C. Calhoun that a state legislature or convention could void a law passed by Congress. | nullification |
| National bank with multiple branches chartered in 1816 for twenty years. Intended to help regulate the economy, the bank became a major issue in Andrew Jackson’s reelection campaign in 1832. | Second Bank of the United States |
| Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi. Jackson insisted that his goal was to save the Indians and their culture. Indians resisted the controversial act. | Indian Removal Act of 1830 |
| Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838. Nearly a quarter of the Cherokees died in route. | Trail of Tears |
| The political ideology of individual liberty, private property, a competitive market economy, free trade, and limited government. The ideal is a laissez faire or “let alone” policy in which government does the least possible. | classical liberation or laissez-faire |
| Rose in 1834 when a group of congressmen contested Andrew Jackson’s policies and conduct. The party identified itself with the pre-Revolutionary American and British parties — also called Whigs — that had opposed the arbitrary actions of British monarchs. | Whig Party |
| Triggered by a reduction in English capital and credit flowing into the US, the cash shortage caused a panic while the collapse of credit led to a depression — the second major economic crisis of the United States — that lasted from 1837 to 1843 | Panic of 1837 |
| An executive order in 1836 that required the Treasury Department to accept only gold and silver in payment for lands in the national domain. | Specie Circular |
| New York was the chief architect of the emerging system of party government. | Martin Van Buren |
| that English feminist had advocated in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| “This land which we have watered with our tears and our blood is now our mother country.” spoke from experience. | Richard Allen |
| founded the American Colonization Society in 1817 | Henry Clay |
| veterans of President James Monroe’s cabinet: Secretary of State the son of former president John Adams | John Quincy Adams |
| now a senator from Tennessee | Andrew Jackson |
| Secretary of War | John C. Calhoun |
| of Maryland, who became attorney general, treasury secretary, and then chief justice of the Supreme Court; and Martin Van Buren, whom Jackson named secretary of state. | Roger B Taney |
| a part-Cherokee silversmith, perfected a system of writing for the Cherokee language; six years later, mixed-race Cherokees devised a new charter of Cherokee government modeled directly on the U.S. Constitution | Sequoyah |
| Virginia for vice president. | John Tyler |
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