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Chapter 9 Genetics
Terms and Concepts for Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mendel | father of genetics |
| cross-fertilize | a plant from another place fertilizes it |
| self-fertilize | a plant fertilizes itself |
| Hybrid | fertilization in which the sex cells are produced by two different individuals or sometimes by individuals of different kinds |
| P generation | the parents (the 1st generation) |
| F1 Generation | offspring or kids of the P generation (2nd generation) |
| F2 Generation | kids of the kids of P Generation ( the 3rd generation) |
| Monohybrid cross | crossbreeding experiment that follows the inheritance of a single characteristic across one or more generations |
| Dihybrid cross | a cross between the F1 offspring of two individuals that differ in two traits of particular interest |
| Dominant Allele | a gene that is expressed in an organism's phenotype masks a recessive gene (always expressed) |
| Recessive allele | it's hidden (a gene whose phenotype expression is masked by a dominant gene |
| Homozygous | two of the same allele that code for the same trait |
| Heterozygous | one of each allele that code for the same trait |
| Carriers | they have the trait but don't show it |
| Recessive Disorders | can be hidden. ex: Cystic fibrosis, albinism, PKU (phenylketonuria), Sickle cell disease. tay-sachs disease |
| Dominant Disorders | Dwarfism (achondroplasia), huntingston's disease, alheimers, hypercholesterlemia |
| Genotype vs.Phenotype | 1) order of letter 2)how they are expressed |
| Complete | 1) Inheritance characterized by an allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote and that masks the phenotypic expression of the recessive allele |
| Incomplete Dominance | neither can mask the other( the appearance in a heterozygote of a trait that is intermediate between either of the trait's homozygous phenotypes |
| Codominance | both get expressed( a condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other. |
| Pleiotropy | one bad gene creates a multitude of effects |
| polygenic inheritance | many genes affect one trait |
| Monoecious | plant species that are both male and female |
| Hermaphroditic | animal species that are both male and female |
| sex-linked disorders | red-green color blindness, hemophilia, duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| Principle of segregation | chromosome from mom and chromosome from dad separate during meiosis |
| Test cross | a cross between an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype of a trait and an individual that is homozygous recessive for that trait in order to determine the genotype of the dominant individual |
Created by:
morgannoble
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