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HIST 270 Ch. 5-8
American History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| List presidents in chronological order from Washington through Madison | • George Washington • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison |
| Name and explain the significance of Revolutionary War battles. | • Saratoga • Lexington and Concord • Yorktown • Trenton and Princeton • Bunker Hill |
| Put acts of Parliament in chronological order. | • Revenue Act of 1762 • Sugar Act of 1764 • Stamp Act of 1765 • Quartering Act of 1765 • Declaratory Act of 1766 • Townsend Act of 1767 • Tea Act of 1773 • Quebec Act of 1774 • Coercive Act of 1774 |
| Identify legal ways used to free slaves. | • Emancipation • Abolition • Manumission |
| Name key innovations of the transportation revolution. | • Steamboats • Railroads • Canals |
| Match inventors with their inventions. | • Oliver Evans-Water driven flour mill • Cyrus McCormick-Farm Reaper • Samuel Colt-Six-Shot revolver • Eli Whitney-Interchangeable parts • Richard Garsed-Power Looms • John Deere-Steel Plow • Samuel L. Collins-Die Cutters • Robert Fulton-Steamboat |
| The issues that led to the party system | • Necessary and Proper Clause • Neutrality Proclamation • Jay's Treaty |
| The causes of the market revolution. | • Natural resources and cheap labor • Protective tariffs • Protected property rights of entrepreneurs • Technological innovations |
| Hamilton’s Financial Plan | • The Tariff Act of 1789 placed a revenue tariff on imported goods to fund debt repayment • The United States government agreed to pay off all debt with interest • The First Bank of the United States was established under the Necessary & Proper Clause |
| The main elements of the New Jersey Plan | • Unicameral legislature based on equal representation • Denies the national government a veto over state law • The federal government has the power to tax and regulate interstate commerce |
| The main elements of the Virginia Plan | • Bicameral legislature with proportional representation in both chambers • National government to possess a veto over state laws • Have representatives of the lower chamber elect the members of the upper chamber |
| The main elements of the Great Compromise | • Members of the upper house would be elected by state legislatures and not the people • Bicameral legislature with equal representation in one chamber and proportional in the other • Electors would elect the president instead of popular vote |
| The key characteristics of middle-class ideology | • Success = religious morals, self-made man, discipline • Valued children and education • Invested in homes + modern consumer goods |
| The key elements of the Alien, Sedition and Naturalization Acts | • Sedition Act - prohibited the publication of malicious attacks on the government • Naturalization Act - increased the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years • Alien Act - made it easier to deport undesirable foreigners |
| The consequences of the War of 1812 | • Andrew Jackson became a national hero • Peace with Great Britain and Canada • No Native American resistance in South and Northwest • Wave of Nationalism • Federalist Party lost support and ceased |
| The key elements of the Northwest Ordinances | • Territories would be eligible to apply for statehood once they had 60,000 free inhabitants. • Slavery was forbidden north of the Ohio River • Allowed the establishment of territorial governments when the population reached 5,000 free adult men. |
| How the Constitution protected slavery | • The three-fifths compromise • A “fugitive clause” allowed owners to reclaim runaways • Congress was denied the power to regulate immigration • The Constitution protected chattel as property |
| Pontiac’s Rebellion | The active American uprising that occurred in 1763 and forced the British to establish the Proclamation Line that enraged colonial Americans |
| Daughters of Liberty | groups of colonial women whose production of homespun textiles and other goods that replaced British imports became indispensable to the non-importation movements |
| George Washington | The Second Continental Congress' commander of the Continental Army |
| Articles of Confederation | It was America's first governing document; required a unanimous vote to pass legislation |
| Federalist Papers | John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison authored these in support of the Constitution |
| Waltham-Lowell System | a labor system that recruited young girls from farm families to work in factories while they lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews under constant supervision |
| Samuel Slater | built the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton for a Rhode Island textile factory in 1790 |
| Fallen Timbers | At this battle the United States army under General Mad Anthony Wayne defeated the Western Confederacy of Native Americans under Little Turtle |
| Marbury v. Madison | Voided part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 and established the important legal principal of judicial review |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Great Britain formally recognized American independence and relinquished its claims to the Trans-Appalachian West, the lands south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River |
| Popular Sovereignty | the Enlightenment idea that the ultimate power of government resides with the governed, and that the all government requires the consent of the governed for legitimacy |
| Boston Massacre | In March 1770, a deadly outbreak of violence; became the subject of a famous engraving issued by a silversmith named Paul Revere |
| Committees of Correspondence | were set up to allow colonial leaders to communicate after the British threatened to seize the Americans responsible for burning the Gaspée and prosecute them in Britain |
| Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson was credited to writing this |
| Philipsburg Proclamation | This 1779 announcement declared that any slave who deserted a rebel master would receive protection, freedom, and land from Great Britain |
| Erie Canal | the greatest engineering feat of the antebellum period and allowed products from the Midwest to reach Europe by connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River |
| Labor Theory of Value | an ideology that celebrated small-scale producers, men and women who owned their own shops or farms in a community as- independent workers and citizens |
| The Bill of Rights | To win over opponents of the Constitution, leading Federalists promised this would get added to the Constitution; the name of the first ten amendments to the Constitution |
| Louisiana Purchase | Bought by Thomas Jefferson from France which made him question his interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Prevented states from taxing the 1st Bank of the United States (BUS) & reasserted federal supremacy |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward | Safeguarded the property rights of chartered corporations |
| Daughters of Liberty | groups of colonial women whose production of homespun textiles and other goods that replaced British imports became indispensable to the non-importation movements |
| Non-Importation | Colonial radicals avoided British tax through pressuring merchants to no import British goods |
| Sovereignty Debate | the heart of the dispute between British Parliament and the American colonists regarding taxation without representation |
| Loyalists | colonists that stood by Britain's side during the American Revolution |
| Common Sense | Thomas Paine wrote this text, which was a rousing call for independence and a republican form of government. |
| Mechanics | This class of skilled craftsmen and inventors built and improved machines for industry in the nineteenth century and established institutes to spread their skills and knowledge |
| Gang-Labor System | a system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity |
| Whiskey Rebellion | It began when farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay Hamilton’s new excise tax and ended when George Washington led troops to the area and restored order |
| Tippecanoe | At this battle William Henry Harrison defeated an Indian confederacy formed by Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh and opened most of Indiana to American settlement |
| Gibbons V. Ogden | Gives the national government jurisdiction over interstate commerce |
| Anti-Federalists | were opponents of ratification of the Constitution who feared that a powerful and distant central government would be out of touch with the needs of citizens |
| Haitian Revolution | A Revolution in Haiti where slaves won against the French; this is what causes Napoleon to sell Louisiana |
| Lewis & Clark | Their journey gave American added claim up the Missouri River, through the Rocky mountains, and to the Pacific Ocean |
| Ethiopian Regiment | a military force created by Virginia’s royal governor, Lord Dunmore, in November 1775 that enlisted one thousand slaves who had fled their Patriot owners |
| Minutemen | were volunteers who formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775 |
| Shay’s Rebellion | a 1786-1787 uprising led by dissident farmers in western Massachusetts, many of them Revolutionary War veterans, protesting the taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled the state's government |
| Machine Tools | These produced standardized parts of other machines at a low cost and facilitated the rapid spread of the industrial revolution in the United States |
| Self-Made Man | The middle class idea that an industrious man would become a rich one |
| XYZ Affair | an incident where the French foreign minister Talleyrand solicited a loan and bribe from American diplomats in return for a halt of French attacks on American shipping |
| Hartford Convention | This 1814 meeting proposed constitutional amendments that included super majorities for declaring war and admitting new states as well as a one-term limit on the presidency |
| Fletcher v. Peck | Made contracts inviolate and protected contractual property rights |
| Sons of Liberty | colonists who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s. The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies |
| Monroe Doctrine | The 1823 declaration by President James Monroe that the Western Hemisphere was closed to any further colonization or interference by European powers. In exchange, Monroe pledged that the United States would no become involved in European struggles. |
| [EC] The Boston Tea Party | an incident where Patriots led by Samuel Adams dressed up as Native Americans and flung £10,000 worth of the East India Company’s property into the sea |
| [EC] Rotten Boroughs | tiny electoral districts for Parliament whose voters were controlled by wealthy aristocrats or merchants; John Wilkes called for the elimination of these |
| [EC] Virtual Representation | the term for Parliament’s claim that even though America elected no MP’s their interests were adequately represented by MP’s elected by the merchants who traded with the colonies |
| [EC] Vice Admiralty Courts | These legal institutions had jurisdiction over colonists suspected of smuggling goods in violation of the Navigation Acts and presumed those accused were guilty |
| [EC] George Grenville | the British Prime Minister whose administration passed the Stamp Act |
| [EC] What was New York City filled of during the American Revolution? | Traitors and Loyalists |
| [EC] Valley Forge | a military camp where George Washington's army of 12,000 soldiers and hundreds of camp followers suffered horribly in the winter of 1777-1778 |
| Saratoga | This battle convinced the French to join the American colonies in a alliance against Great Britain |
| Lexington and Concord | The American Revolution began here |
| Yorktown | This was the last major battle of the American Revolution |
| Trenton and Princeton | Washington won these victories after crossing the Delaware River and saved the Revolution |
| Bunker Hill | The British learned not to make frontal assaults on entrenched American positions at this battle |
| [EC] Eli Whitney | He devised a machine that could quickly separate the seeds from delicate fibers, an innovation that increased the speed processing fiftyfold |
| [EC] Northwest Ordinance | It established a process by which settled territories would become the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. It also banned slavery there |
Created by:
Ty T
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