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Ling 101- Exam 2
| Concept | Explination |
|---|---|
| Morphology | the part of the mental grammar (and the mental lexicon) that is responsible for words and word structure |
| Morphemes | the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function; they show a systematic sound-meaning correspondence; cannot be further divided without losing this sound-meaning correspondence |
| Tree Diagrams | a diagram that represents the internal organization of a word, phrase, or sentence |
| Free Morpheme (form) | an element that does not have to occur in a fixed position with respect to neighboring elements |
| Bound Morpheme (form) | an element that must occur in a fixed position with respect to neighboring elements |
| Root | constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning |
| Base | the form to which an affix is added |
| Affix | bound morphemes that do not belong to a word category that add or modify the meaning of the base |
| Prefix | affix attached to the left of a base |
| Suffix | affix attached to the right of a base |
| Inflectional | modifies a word's form to indicate grammatical information of various sorts |
| Derivational | builds a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its base |
| How does our model of mental grammar treat unpredictable information about a specific morpheme or word? | Our mind stores the term/ meaning in our mental lexicon because there is not a predictable rule to apply |
| How does our model of mental grammar treat predictable/ systemic information about how words are formed? | Our mental grammar creates a predictable rule associated with that meaning |
| Grammatical | acceptable and allowed within the mental grammar |
| Being True/ Making Sense | may not be grammatical, but still contains a valid meaning and can be interpreted |
| X' Schema | the blueprint of all phrases; a key piece of our model of the syntax component of human mental grammar |
| Modifier | optional and add extra information about the head of a phrase (inserted above original x' to create another x' level) |
| Double-Complement (Three-branch v' structure) | when two phrases both add information to another phrase, but belong in separate constituents; some verbs may require two complements |
| Constituent | a smaller piece of structure within a sentence; "subunit" |
| Inversion | when a T is moved to the C (matrix) if it is +Q |
| Wh Movement | another movement rule in English when a wh phrase is moved to the specifier position under the CP |
| Do Insertion | the insertion of do into a T position containing no word; mandatory in the matrix sentence if +Q (excluding wh) |
| Verb Raising | move the V to the T position (if T contains no words); common in French |
| Deep Structure | the structure built according to the X' schema before any other syntactic rules have applied |
| Morphological Overgeneralization | a developmental phenomenon that results from overly broad application of a morphological rule |
| Syntactic Development | One word stage to the two-word stage to telegraphic stage |
| Phonetics | the articulation (and acoustics and perception) of speech sounds |
| Phonology | how speech sounds are represented and altered by the mental grammar |
| Specifier | no single semantic function but occurs at the edge of a phrase |
| Complement | a phrase-level category that provides information about entities and locations implied by the meaning of the head |
| Complementizer | Turns a TP into something that can be a complement |
| One-word stage | the stage in language development where one-word utterances are used to express the meaning of a whole sentence |
| Two-word stage | the stage in language development where two-word utterances are used to express the meaning of a whole sentence; they often lack inflection at this stage |
| Telegraphic stage | the stage in language development where one and two-word utterances are used to express the meaning of a whole sentence; here the child has basic syntactic categories but lacks functional morphemes |
Created by:
venterpuga
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