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Ling 101- Exam 2

ConceptExplination
Morphology the part of the mental grammar (and the mental lexicon) that is responsible for words and word structure
Morphemes the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function; they show a systematic sound-meaning correspondence; cannot be further divided without losing this sound-meaning correspondence
Tree Diagrams a diagram that represents the internal organization of a word, phrase, or sentence
Free Morpheme (form) an element that does not have to occur in a fixed position with respect to neighboring elements
Bound Morpheme (form) an element that must occur in a fixed position with respect to neighboring elements
Root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning
Base the form to which an affix is added
Affix bound morphemes that do not belong to a word category that add or modify the meaning of the base
Prefix affix attached to the left of a base
Suffix affix attached to the right of a base
Inflectional modifies a word's form to indicate grammatical information of various sorts
Derivational builds a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its base
How does our model of mental grammar treat unpredictable information about a specific morpheme or word? Our mind stores the term/ meaning in our mental lexicon because there is not a predictable rule to apply
How does our model of mental grammar treat predictable/ systemic information about how words are formed? Our mental grammar creates a predictable rule associated with that meaning
Grammatical acceptable and allowed within the mental grammar
Being True/ Making Sense may not be grammatical, but still contains a valid meaning and can be interpreted
X' Schema the blueprint of all phrases; a key piece of our model of the syntax component of human mental grammar
Modifier optional and add extra information about the head of a phrase (inserted above original x' to create another x' level)
Double-Complement (Three-branch v' structure) when two phrases both add information to another phrase, but belong in separate constituents; some verbs may require two complements
Constituent a smaller piece of structure within a sentence; "subunit"
Inversion when a T is moved to the C (matrix) if it is +Q
Wh Movement another movement rule in English when a wh phrase is moved to the specifier position under the CP
Do Insertion the insertion of do into a T position containing no word; mandatory in the matrix sentence if +Q (excluding wh)
Verb Raising move the V to the T position (if T contains no words); common in French
Deep Structure the structure built according to the X' schema before any other syntactic rules have applied
Morphological Overgeneralization a developmental phenomenon that results from overly broad application of a morphological rule
Syntactic Development One word stage to the two-word stage to telegraphic stage
Phonetics the articulation (and acoustics and perception) of speech sounds
Phonology how speech sounds are represented and altered by the mental grammar
Specifier no single semantic function but occurs at the edge of a phrase
Complement a phrase-level category that provides information about entities and locations implied by the meaning of the head
Complementizer Turns a TP into something that can be a complement
One-word stage the stage in language development where one-word utterances are used to express the meaning of a whole sentence
Two-word stage the stage in language development where two-word utterances are used to express the meaning of a whole sentence; they often lack inflection at this stage
Telegraphic stage the stage in language development where one and two-word utterances are used to express the meaning of a whole sentence; here the child has basic syntactic categories but lacks functional morphemes
Created by: venterpuga
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