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westward expansioj
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 reasons to own lland | an opportunity to own land, technologic advances, gold and silver, adventure, a chance for equality |
| 4 inventions that made living in the great plains possible | barbed wire, railroads, windmills, steel plow |
| barbed wire | physical feature: few & wide-open land impact: kept animals from wandering off & marked property lines |
| railroads | physical feature: flat land & harsh weather conditions impacts: linked east & west, faster & safer, cheaper goods |
| windmills | physical feature: very windy, little rainfall impacts: wind power pumped water from the ground |
| steel plow | physical feature: little rain, hard soil impacts: sharper and stronger, cut through the soil |
| 4 adaptions | dry farming, sod houses, raising beef, wheat farms |
| dry farming | physical feature: low rainfall impacts: used plant mulch to grow crops |
| sod houses | physical feature: few trees, prairie impacts: slabs of mus, prairies grass held the home tg |
| raising beef | PF: abundance of grass impacts: pastures of grazing animals, new source of food & income |
| wheat farms | PF: low rainfall impacts: drought resistant crop ( does not require much water ) |
| homestead act of 1862 | written to encourage people to settle west of mississippi river settler could receive 160 acres of land this appealed to newly arrived immigrants, small-scale farmers from the east, newly freed slaves, and single women |
| 3 steps of the homestead act | 1. write a letter of the homestead land office to apply 2. improve the over 5 years, write a letter to the gov. to tell them youve accomplished 3. after 5 years the gov sends a certificate saying you own the land |
| transcontinental railroad | a railroad connected the pacific and atlantic coasts two railroad companies union pacific - started in nebraska and went west central pacific - started in CA and went east met in promontory point, utah |
| transcontinental railroad (2) | the california gold rush attracted many people, especially chinese immigrants the central pacific railroad was eager to hire chinese immigrants - they were hard workers and had knowledge of dynamite |
| 3 ways the transcontinental railroad changed america | 1.faster and easier travel around the country 2. faster and easier trade between the east and west coast 3. communication |
| exodusters | built communities, new job opportunities, By the end of the 1800s, there were nearly 50 all-black towns from Kansas to Cali |
| Buffalo soldiers | Native Americans nickname given to african american soldiers buffalo soldiers were assigned by the gov to protect settlers from indian attacks Most Buffalo Soldiers tried to leave the American Indians in peace |
| the black cowboys | Black men gained great respect and equality herding cattle Skilled horsemen 25% of all cowboys were African Americans in the height of cattle ranching |
| impacts on native americans | The main issues: Pushed from their traditional lands onto government reservations, and the waste of buffalo by settlers Reservations were areas of land that American Indians were forced to live on after being forced from their homes |
| buffalo loss | in 1865, there were 14 million buffalo. 20 years later - less than 3,000. Many settlers wasted the buffalo, killing them for sport or for their hides. Without enough buffalo, Native Americans starved |
| Forced Assimilation | Indians were forced to assimilate with white American culture. Some Indian children were sent to the East Coast for school, where they were forbidden to hold onto their Indian identities. |
| forced assimilation (2) | Lifestyle changes from being forced onto reservations destroyed traditions. Hunger, warfare, and marching to reservations weakened Indians. American Indians were left with no choice but to assimilate or die. |
| dawes act | Legislation passed to take away tribal land from Indians to sell for profit. Native Americans could only gain U.S. citizenship and a small piece of land if they agreed to divide tribal land. |
| dawes act (2) | The goal was to end tribalism within Native American communities |
| three indian heros | Sitting Bull- Lakota Sioux Battle of Little Big Horn Defeats Gen. Custer gives Native Americans hope Chief Joseph- Nez Perce Geronimo- Apache |
| wounded knee | Wounded Knee was the final battle for American Indians. The Battle of Wounded Knee was particularly hard on the Lakota tribe, because more than 200 men, women, and children were killed. |
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