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com 100 unit 3
chapters 8, 9, and 13, vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diaspora | The movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland. |
| peacebuilding | Working toward stability in a region to prevent conflicts from escalating into war. |
| intercultural communication | Communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different. |
| culture | Learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people. |
| border dwellers | People who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns. |
| culture shock | A feeling of disorientation and discomfort as a result of the lack of familiar environmental cues. |
| reverse culture shock/re-entry shock | Culture shock experienced by travelers on returning to their home country. |
| cultural values | Beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned. |
| individualistic orientation | A value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals. |
| collectivistic orientation | A value orientation that stresses the needs of the group. |
| preferred personality | A value orientation that expresses whether it is more important for a person to “do” or to “be” |
| view of human nature | A value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentally good, evil, or a mixture. |
| human-nature value orientation | The perceived relationship between humans and nature |
| power distance | A value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power. |
| long-term versus short-term orientation | The dimension of a society's value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth |
| short-term orientation | A value orientation that stresses the importance of possessing one fundamental truth. |
| monotheistic | Belief in one god. |
| long-term orientation | A value orientation in which people stress the importance of virtue. |
| indulgence versus restraint | A value orientation that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness. |
| dialectical approach | Recognizes that things need not be perceived as “either/or” but may be seen as “both/and.” |
| dichotomous thinking | Thinking in which things are perceived as “either/or”-for example, “good or bad,” “big or small” |
| cocultural group | A significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns. |
| ethnocentrism | The tendency to view one’s own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged |
| encapsulated marginal people | People who feel disintegrated by having to shift cultures. |
| attraction theory | Theory that explains the primary forces that draw people together. |
| proximity | How physically close one is to others. |
| attractiveness | The appeal one person has for another based on physical appearance, personality, or behavior. |
| matching hypothesis | The tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are. |
| similarity | Degree to which people share the same values, interests, and background. |
| uncertainty reduction theory | Theory that argues relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants’ efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other. |
| predicted outcome value theory | Theory that attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion. |
| social exchange theory | Theory that explains the development and longevity of relationships as a result of individuals’ ability to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs of their relationships. |
| equity theory | Theory that argues that people are more satisfied in relationships they perceive as fair, that is, where their costs are balanced by their rewards |
| underbenefitted | Underbenefitted people perceive that their costs exceed their rewards. |
| equity | Perception that one’s costs (or inputs) are balanced by one’s rewards (or outputs). |
| relational trajectory models | Relationship development models that view the development process as more variable than do stage models. |
| turning point model for romantic couples | Model of relationship development in which couples move both toward and away from commitment over the course of their relationship. |
| turning point model of friendship | Model of relationship development where friends move toward or away from closeness over the course of their relationship. |
| social penetration theory | Theory that proposes that relationships develop through increases in self-disclosure. |
| relational maintenance | Behaviors couples perform that help maintain their relationships. |
| sudden death | Process by which relationships end without prior warning for at least one participant or due to a betrayal. |
| passing away | Process by which relationships decline over time. |
| negative identity management | Communicating in ways that arouse negative emotions to make the other person upset enough to agree to break off the relationship. |
| de-escalation strategies | A broad category that includes promising some continued closeness and suggesting that the couple might reconcile in the future. |
| justification strategies | Providing a reason or excuse for ending the relationship. |
| positive tone strategies | Communicating concern for the rejected partner and trying to make the person feel better. |
| behavioral de-escalation | Avoiding the partner. |
| ghosting | Having someone you view as a friend or have been dating suddenly cease communicating with you without warning. |
| withdrawal/avoidance | Friendship termination strategy in which friends spend less time together, don’t return phone calls, and avoid places where they are likely to see each other. |
| interpersonal aggression | Behaviors that attempt to inflict physical and psychological/social harm on family, friends, romantic partners and acquaintances. |
| psychological/social aggression | Behavior designed to cause harm to another by attacking their psychological and/or social well-being. |
| intimate partner violence | Physical violence against one’s romantic partner |
| sexual coercion | Unwanted sexual activity that occurs when one is pressured, tricked, manipulated, threatened, or forced in a nonphysical way. |
| homogeneity | High degree of similarity. |
| gaslighting | A tactic used to exert power or control over another person by encouraging them to question their reality. |
| passive-aggressive communication | Indirectly communicating negative feelings and reactions instead of openly talking about them. |
| Machiavellian tactics | having a third party communicate displeasure. |
| overbenefitted | overbenefitted people perceive that their rewards exceed their costs. |
| constructive marginal people | people who thrive in a multicultural setting such as border dwellers despite the enormous challenges |
| heterogeneous | different. |
| polytheistic | belief in more than one deity or god. |
Created by:
tliving6
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