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Agriculture Unit 5
AP HUG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | Farming |
| 1st Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution | Human shift from hunting/gathering to farming |
| Second Agricultural Revolution | Mechanization in farming |
| Green Revolution | US supported development of high yield seed varieties that increased the productivity of cereal crops and accompanying agricultural technologies for transfer to less developed countries |
| Domestication | Process of taming wild plants or animals |
| Fertile Crescent | Region in SW Asia; one hearth of agriculture |
| Columbian Exchange | Transfer of plants, animals, diseases, between Europe & the Americas |
| Terracing | Cutting steps into hillside to create farmland |
| Irrigation | Bringing water to crops by artificial means |
| Deforestation | Cutting down trees to use land |
| Draining wetlands | Clearing natural swamp areas to create fields |
| Pesticide | Substance used to destroy insects |
| Fertilizer | Substance added to soil to increase fertility |
| Enclosure System | communal lands were replaced by farms owned by individuals; land was restricted to the owner or tenants |
| Mediterranean agriculture | Ex.: Farming olives, figs, citrus fruits, grapes |
| Pastoral nomadism | Subsistence ag; based on herding animals |
| Subsistence cultivation /agriculture | Farming just to feed yourself/your family |
| Commercial agriculture | Farming a surplus for profit |
| Intensive agriculture | Farming that uses lots of capital, labor and resources on land |
| Extensive agriculture | Farming that uses few resources & often a lot of land |
| Fair trade | .Provides farmers in periphery countries a fair price for their products; more equitable trading |
| Livestock | Animals raised on farms for profit |
| Agribusiness | Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry |
| Commodity chain | a series of links connecting a commodity's many places of production and distribution |
| Von Thünen Model | .land value determines how a farmer will use the land – intensively or extensively |
| Dairy farming | Ex.: Milk, cheese, yogurt, sour cream |
| Monocropping | Growing a single crop |
| Desertification | When fertile land becomes arid over time |
| Bid –Rent Theory | Explains how the demand for and price of land decreases as its distance from the central business district increases |
| Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) | Plants/animals with DNA altered by humans |
| Organic farming | Farming that does not use chemicals or sometimes GMOs |
| Aquaculture | Farming of marine life |
| Sustainable agriculture | Farm practices that protect the environment |
| Local–food movements | Commitment to eating food produced nearby |
| Value added crops | Ex. yogurt, ground coffee, jams |
| Economies of scale | Cost advantages that can come with a larger scale of operations |
| Food desert | area with no grocery store nearby |
| Long lot | Land divided into narrow strips that were only 350 to 600 feet wide but ten times as deep, usually along a river. |
| metes and bounds | limits or boundaries of a tract of land as identified by natural landmarks, such as rivers, or by man-made structures |
| townships & range | Rectangular land division |
| market gardening | produces fruits, vegetables, flowers that serves a specific urban area |
| pastoral nomadism | animals are moved seasonally; requires lots of land |
| plantation farming | large scale farms that often crop one crop (ex. cotton, coffee) |
| shifting cultivation | growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land and then moving to a new piece of land |
| mixed crop and livestock systems | both crops and livestock are raised for profit |
| grain farming | growing crops like wheat, rye, corn |
| slash and burn | clearing land then burning it to get more nutrient rich soil; then moving to a new piece of land |
| ranching | breeding cattle; commercial herding of animals; extensive agriculture |
Created by:
jpastel
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