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Migration Unit 2
AP HUG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spatial Mobility | All forms of geographical movement, including people's everyday commuting and travels. |
| Social (upward) mobility | Change in social hierarchy |
| migration | Long–term relocation of individual, families, or communities from one place to another |
| migrant | a person who migrates or moves |
| non–migrants | People who do not move |
| Origin | A person's location before migration |
| destination | The place the migrant is going |
| emigration/out–migration | the act of leaving a place |
| immigration/in–migration | the act of arriving to a new place |
| immigrants | People who arrive at their destination country |
| migration stream | the flow of all migrants from an origin to a destination |
| counterstream | the flow of all migrants in the direction opposite a particular migration stream |
| Net migration | The difference between the number of in–migrants and out–migrants |
| net migration rate (NMR) | shows the impact of migration on population change. Divide the country's net migration by total population, then multiplying by 1000 |
| Migration age progile | The relationship between the odds of migration and age across different countries |
| Brain Drain | when a country or place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration |
| Brain Gain | when a country or a place gains young, more educated, and skilled people through migration |
| Push–pull theory of migration | Theory asserting that two contrasting sets of factors are at work in migration decisions |
| push factors | reasons why people want to leave |
| pull factors | Reasons why people want to come into a place |
| Intervening obstacles | The complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination |
| intervening opportunity | A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away. |
| social networks | People's friends and relatives |
| Ravenstein's Laws | 11 major "laws" migration tends to follow. Include: most migration is for economic reasons, mostly rural to urban. |
| Voluntary Migration | Migration that is done willingly |
| international migration | When moves are made across international borders |
| Guest worker | A person with temporary permission to work in another country |
| Transnational migration | When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated |
| internal migration/ interregional migration | When people move within the borders of a country |
| Great Migration | The 20th century movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural southern states to the cities of the midwestern and northeastern states |
| Rural to Urban migration | When people move from the countryside to cities |
| Residential mobility | moves that occur within a metropolitan area |
| Step migration | Migration carried out in stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places |
| chain migration | The process by which some people's migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place |
| return migration | migrants going back, or returning, to their previous place of residence or origin |
| Seasonal migration | migration based on the time of year |
| transhumanance | a phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures |
| Mobility transition model | Connects migration to the DTM. 1) Premodern societies, 2) early transitional societies, 3) late transitional societies, 4) advanced societies |
| circulation | short–term and cyclical movement that occurs repeatedly on a regular basis |
| forced migration | migration caused by forces out of one's control: disasters, social conflicts, developmental projects, slavery. |
| Refugees | people who leave their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion |
| Internally displaced person (IDP) | Someone who remains within his or her country's borders despite being persecuted by their home country |
| Ethnic cleansing | the forced removal of one ethnic group by another ethnic group to create an ethnically consistent territory |
| repatriation | when refugees or displaced persons return to their home country |
| Diaspora | Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory |
| Rohingya in Myanmar | An example of ethnic cleansing |
| Syrian civil war | An example of an armed conflict creating a large refugee population |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | An example of forced migration |
| Mongolian herders | example of transhumance |
| Snowbirds | An example of seasonal migration |
| New Great Migration | an example of return migration (Black Americans currently moving to the South from the North) |
| Moving to be with your family | An example of chain migration |
| Great Migration | An example of rural–to–urban migration\nAND internal migration |
| Bracero program | example of guest workers |
| Pastel's sister–in–law going back to Taiwan for 6 months to have a second child, before returning to the USA | example of Transnational migration |
| Hurricane Katrina | an example of a USA event that produced internally displaced people |
| Many Chinese immigrants go to New Zealand, settle there temporarily, then move to their final destination of Australia | An example of step migration |
| Paying $8,000 per person to be smuggled out of Syria on a boat | an example of a economic intervening obstacle |
| Carole was on her way to northern Europe but found a job styling hair in France | an example of an economic intervening opportunity |
Created by:
jpastel
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