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Reconstruction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | Period in U.S. history after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, when the government had to put the country back together and attempt to make things better for African Americans. |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th President of the United States. Was Lincoln's vice president and became president when he was assassinated |
| Radical Republicans | Group of Republicans in Congress who wanted Reconstruction to be more strict and punishing towards the south |
| Presidential Reconstruction | Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson's respective plans for Reconstruction. Was not as strict towards the south |
| Congressional Reconstruction | Reconstruction period where Congress took responsibility for bringing the South back into the Union. Set up five military districts and created programs for former slaves |
| 13th Amendment | Amendment that abolishes slavery in the United States |
| 14th Amendment | Amendment that declares that all persons born in the U.S. are Americans citizens and should have equal rights |
| 15th Amendment | Amendment that granted the right to vote to all races |
| Black Codes | Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites |
| Segregation | Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. Occurred when states in the south kept black people separate from white people |
| Poll Tax | A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote. Was used to keep black people from voting |
| Literacy Test | A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote. Was used to keep black people from voting |
| Ku Klux Klan (KKK) | A secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states after the Civil War. |
| White Supremacy | The belief that white people are biologically different and superior to people of other races |
| Ulysses S. Grant | 18th President of the United States (1869-1877). Former Union Army general who was elected president as a Republican |
| Sharecropping | A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Deal that resulted in Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican from Ohio, being elected president in exchange for promising Democrats in Congress that he would end Reconstruction |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Agency set up by the federal government to help former slaves adjust to their new lives. Provided food, clothing, healthcare, and education. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | A 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized segregation as long as it follows the rule of "separate but equal" facilities. |
Created by:
MrsJungOMS
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