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Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sectionalism | Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole. Each region has its own characteristics. |
| Republican Party | Political party formed in 1854. Its main goal was to stop the spread of slavery. Formed by northern members of the Whig Party |
| State's Rights | The idea that states should make their own decisions for their individual states, and not the federal government. |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Missouri enters the union as a slave state and Maine enters the union as a free state to keep the number of slave states and free states equal. Also banned slavery in territory north of Missouri's southern border. |
| Popular Sovereignty | Allowing people of a territory or state to decide an issue for themselves by voting. Commonly used to settle whether or not a territory or state would have slavery during the 19th century. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | A law stating that an escaped slave who is captured must be returned to their owner, even if they were captured in a free state after escaping a slave state |
| Compromise of 1850 | -California admitted as a free state -Utah and New Mexico Territory created and allowed to use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery -Slave trade banned in Washington, D.C. only, but not the actual system of slavery Fugitive Slave Law put in place |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. |
| Dred Scott Decision | Supreme Court ruling that declared slaves were not viewed as citizens but as property and had no rights |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States (1861-1865); Elected as a Republican in 1860; Led nation during the Civil War; Reelected in 1864; Assassinated in 1865 |
| Secession | Formal withdrawal of 11 states from the United States. Went on to form the Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederacy |
| Confederacy | The southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861 due to fears that President Lincoln would end slavery. Also known as the Confederate States of America. |
| Union | States that remained loyal to the United States government during the Civil War |
| Border States | Slave states that did not secede from the union during the Civil War. These states included: -Delaware -Maryland -Kentucky -Missouri Part of Virginia split off to stay loyal to the union. This portion became West Virginia |
| Battle of Fort Sumter (1861) | Marked the beginning of the American Civil War. Historical Significance: Seen as a military victory in the South and a political victory for the Lincoln administration because the South had opened hostilities. |
| Civil War (1861-1865) | War fought between the North and the South (also known as the Union and the Confederacy) |
| Anaconda Plan | Union plan by General Winfield Scott. Included the following: -Set up a naval blockade around the southern coast -Gain control of the Mississippi River Was called Anaconda Plan because it would strangle its enemy like an anaconda would. |
| Robert E. Lee | Commander of the Confederate Army |
| Battle of Bull Run (1861) | First major battle of the Civil War; proved war was going to be long and costly. Second Battle of Bull Run occurred one year later |
| Battle of Antietam (1862) | Battle in Maryland in which Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces were stopped from invading the north |
| Emancipation Proclamation (1863) | Lincoln declared that all slaves in rebel held states (meaning the Confederate states) were now free. Did not free slaves in states loyal to the Union still. |
| Battle of Gettysburg (1863) | Union Army defeats Confederate Army in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This stops the Confederacy from taking major cities like Philadelphia. Considered by historians to be the most significant battle and a turning point for the Union |
| Battle of Vicksburg (1863) | Union gains control of Mississippi River and splits the Confederacy in two. General Ulysses S. Grant takes lead of Union armies and total war begins. |
| Gettysburg Address | A 3-minute speech given by President Lincoln at a dedication of a cemetery where the Battle of Gettysburg occurred. |
| Total War | A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort |
| Atlanta Campaign (1864) | Union General William T. Sherman's attack on Atlanta, Georgia; Destroyed railroads and businesses; Burned Atlanta to the ground |
| Sherman's March to the Sea | After burning Atlanta, General Sherman marches his Union soldiers 250 miles to Savannah, Georgia. Sherman's soldiers destroyed everything in their path, including military targets, railroads, bridges, farms, and more to cripple the Confederate forces |
| Surrender at Appomattox (1865) | Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant after the Battle of Appomattox Court House in Virginia. Officially ends the Civil War. |
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MrsJungOMS
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