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histroy ch 13 + 14
history ch 13 and 14 vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mountain man | fur trapper or explorer who opened up the West by finding the best trails through the Rocky Mountains |
| Santa Fe Trail | a trail that began in Missouri and ended in santa Fe, New Mexico |
| Oregon Trail | a trail that ran westward from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory |
| mormon | a member of a church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 |
| Joseph Smith | founded the mormon religion in 1830 |
| Brigham Young | the next mormon leader who took Josph Smith's place, led his people out of the United States with a destination of Utah, then part of Mexico |
| Stephen F. Austin | established an American colony in Texas;dream was to become a lawyer not a colonizer but his father asked him to continue his career for him when he died. |
| Santa Anna | the Mexican president who Austin had a request to make Texas a self-governing state within Mexico |
| Sam Houston | grew up in Tennessee, lived with the Cherokee, and later served in the U.S. Army, in congress and as the governer of Tennessee; he was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas and a senator when it became a state |
| Battle of the Alamo | in 1836, Texans defended a church called the Alamo against the Mexican army; all but five Texans were killed |
| San Jacinto | April 12, 1836, Texans raced towards Santa Anna's camp and in just 18 minutes killed more than half of the Mexican army. Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty giving texas its freedom and texas became independent |
| James K. Polk | Democrat who won the 1844 presidential election; had been a governer of Tennessee and served seven terms in congress; committed to national expansion and vowed to annex Texas and take over Oregon. |
| minifest destiny | the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| Zachary Taylor | ordered by Polk to station troops on the northern bank of the Rio Grande River which was part of the disputed territory; in May 1846, he led troops into Mexico |
| Winfield Scott | led second force which landed at Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico and battled inland toward Mexico City and defeated them |
| Bear Flag Revolt | the 1846 rebellion by Americans against Mexican rule in California |
| Mexican Cession | a vast region given up by Mexico after the War with Mexico; it included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizonia, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | the 1848 treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico; Mexico ceded nearly one-half of its land to the United States |
| 54'40' or fight | In 1818, the United States and the United Kingdom established a joint claim over the Oregon Territory - the region west of the Rocky Mountains and between 42° North and 54°40' North (the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska territory). |
| Fortey-niner | a person who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849 |
| John Sutter | a swiss immigrant who persuaded the Mexican governer to grant him 50,000 acres in the unsettled Sacramento Valley. hired a carpenter-James Marshall to build a sawmill on the nearby American river and Marshall found gold in the canal feeding the mill |
| California Gold Rush | in 1849, large numbers of people moved to California because gold had been discovered there |
| emigrant | a person who leaves a country |
| immigrant | a person who settles in a new country |
| push-pull factors | a factor that pushes people out of their native lands and pulls them toward a new place |
| civil disobedience | peacefully refusing to obey laws one considers unjust |
| Henry David Thoreau | Emerson's student who went learned from European influence and developed his own beliefs;part of a group of thinkers called tran scendentalism; urged people to live by civil disobedience |
| 2nd great awakening | the renewal of religious faith in the 1790's and early 1800's. |
| labor union | a group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions |
| strike | to stop work to demand better working conditions |
| Horace Mann | head of the first state board of education in the united states; called public education the great equilizer and also urged that education creates or develops new treasures |
| Doretha Dix | a reformer from Boston who taught Sunday school at a woman's jail;discovered some women were locked in cold,filthy cells because they were mentally ill;she pleaded with the Massachusetts Legislature to improve the care of them;lead to 32 new hospitals |
| temperance movement | a campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol |
| abolition | the movement to end slavery |
| sufferage | the right to vote |
| Underground Railroad | a series of escape routes used by slaves escaping the south |
| Sojourner Truth | abolitionist speaker who was oriinally named Isabella who fled her owners and went to live with Quakers who set her free and win a court battle to recover young son |
| Harriet Tubman | most famous conductor who escaped her owners when she heard she was going to be sold; and later made 19 journeys to help free enslaved people;enemies wanted to capture her but never did; saved her parents |
| Senaca Falls convention | a women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls,New York in 1848 |
| Susan B. Anthony | a skilled organizer who worked in the temperance and antislavery movements;built the women's movement into a national organization;urged that women should have money of her own;supported law that would give married women right to property+wages |
| William Loyd Garrison | published an abolitionist newspaper, The liberator, in Bostion;many people hated his views; in 1834, a furious mob in Boston grabbed him and dragged him toward a park to hang him but the mayer stepped in and saved his life |
| The Liberator | an abolitionist newspaper published by William Lloyd Harrison in Boston that caused contraversey |
| Angelina and Sarah Grimke | southern abolitionists who grew up on a plantation that believed slavery was morally wrong;moved north and joined an antislavery society and at the time women wern't allowed to lecture in public but the Grimke did anyways |
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polarbears1
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