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apush unit three
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the conflict between in the French and Indian War? | the French and the English (the french allied themselves with a bunch of Native Americans [the british did too, but it was not important to know]) |
| causes of the french and indian war | the british american colonists were encrouching on the land by the ohio river valley that was claimed by the French |
| Did Washington fight in the FAIW? | yes, he led a surprise attack, with help from his American Indian allies, on fort duquesne, gaining the fort for his side |
| What did the French do to retaliate against Washington taking the fort? | took fort duquesne back by placing a larger attack |
| What did Washington's attack on fort duquesne cause? | this was the dispute about the ohio river valley land and this ultimately started the French and Indian War |
| What is the difference between the Seven Years War and the French and Indian War? | the French and Indian War was a part of the Seven Years War (which was a global issue in Europe), the FAIW was the part fought in North America |
| Albany Congress (or the Albany Convention) | a meeting to try and figure out British colonial defense against the French and Indians delegates from several of British colonies met to discuss a more organized colonial response to frontier defense, trade, and westward expansion |
| Who was invited to the Albany Congress? | a delegation from the Iroquois Confederacy to join them with the hopes of allying with this powerful Indian association |
| Why did the Native Americans aline themselves with the French or English? | they believed that this was their best change of maintaining some modicum of control over their lands lay in the perpetual confluct between European powers |
| What did Benjamin Franklin do at the Albany Congress? | he took the opportunity to introduce his Albany Plan of Union, under this plan the colonies would establish a council of representatives to decide on those matters of frontier defense, trade. and westward expansion |
| Did the Albany Plan of Union get accepted? | no, but the plan did lay the foundation for the future revolutionary Congress |
| What happened at the beginning of the FAIW? | the French were beating the American colonists badly |
| What did the British do when the Seven Years' War started to become a bigger global conflict? | they implemented policies on the American colonies: they cranked up the forced impressment of the American men to join the ranks of the Royal Navy, the British quartered troops in colonial homes |
| What did the King do to try and end the war and why? | he opened formal peace negitionas with the French because the war was costing a lot |
| How did the FAIW end? | with the signing of the Peace of Paris in 1763 |
| What happened in the Peace of Paris treaty? | spain conceded florida to the british, the french were ousted from the North American contintent and the Spanish were given control over the former French lands west of Mississippi, all land east of the Mississippi River, was granted to the British |
| effects of the French and Indian War | American colonists began to want more land and started to push westward, which intensified the conflicts withthe Native Americans the war was expensive, so parliament decided to raise the taxes on colonists |
| What did Pontiac do when he heard about the new land arrangement? | the Ottowa leader led raids against it in Detroit and other military forts in Virginia and Pennsylvania |
| Proclamation Line of 1763 | forbade the colonists from migrating west across the Appalachian mountrains and taking land in the Ohio River Valley |
| Did the colonists listen to the Proclamation Lineof 1763? | no, they believed that since the war was fought on their land and that they fought, they were entitled to the land. when parliament said no, it caused more resentment and tension between the colonists and britain |
| salutary neglect | the British policy of letting the colonies ignore most of the British Laws and not enforce them. This policy changed when Britain was broke after the French and Indian war |
| navigation acts | restricted the trae of the colonies to British ships and British merchants the colonists started to do large scale smuggling and illegal trade with other nations to avoid this |
| What did George Grenville, the British Prime Minister, implement as a plan to get rid of salutary neglect? | the plan included a stricter enforement of current laws, extend wartime provisions into peacetime, and the Quartering Act of 1765 |
| Quatering Act of 1765 | this law kept british soldiers stationed in the colonies in order to enforces British laws and the colonists were responsible for the soldier's food and housing |
| Sugar Act | imposed taxes on coffee and whine and various luxury items and also enforced the existing taxes on molasses |
| Stamp Act of 1765 | a tax on all paper items produced in colonies like newspapers, playing cards, legal contracts |
| Currency Act | prohibited colonial assemblied from printing their own paper currency |
| What did the currency act mean for the colonists? | British demanded more tax revenue from the colonists and the money supply was being restricted colonists were also having declining wages and a rise in unemployment |
| What was the circumstances behind the phrase "No Taxation Without Representation" being created? | the colonist were debating whether it was fair to have all these taxes with no represeneation in parliament |
| Where did the Americans get this view from? | the Enlightenment |
| virtual representation | colonists were represented in Parliament and the members of Parliament gained the right to speak for the interests of the British subjects |
| What were some of the organized groups that started to give to voice to the protestations? | Sons of Liberty, Daughters of Liberty, and Vox Populi these organizations were mainly in response to the stamp act |
| Stamp Act Congress in 1765 | 27 delegates from nine colonies and had a goal to petition the British Parliament to repeal the Stampt Act (at this point the colonists still wanted to be royal subjects, they just wanted representation) |
| What resulted because of the Stamp Act Congress? | parliament repealed the stamp act and sugar act in 1766, but passed the declaratory act |
| Declaratory Act | affirmed that Parliament had the right to pass whatever law they wanted in the colonies |
| Townshend Acts | imposed taxes on items like paper, tea, and glass that were imported into the colonies the colonist boycotted these goods |
| What did the boycott of the townshend act do to the colonies? | united them |
| Boston Massacre in 1770 | a group of boys began harassing a group of British soldiers by throwing snowballs/rocks at them. Someone fired a gun and led to the British soldiers firing their own guns into the crowd. Eleven colonists were shot and four were dead |
| Who was the first colonist to die in the Boston Massacre? | Crispus Attucks |
| What happened to the soldiers? | they were put on trial and defended by John Adams. six out of eight soldiers were acquitted |
| Boston Tea Party in 1773 | in Decemeber, around 50 members of the Sons of Liberty disquised themselves as Indians and dumped 45 tons of British tea into the Boston harbor |
| Tea Act | a tax on tea and provided exclusive rights to the British East India Company to buy and ship tea to the colonists |
| Coercive Acts of 1774 | closed down the Boston Harbor until all the lost tea was paid for Parliament also passed another Quartering Act |
| Intolerable Acts | all of these taxes/laws passed combined together became known as this |
| Continental Congress in 1774 | delegates from every colony, except Georgia, deliberated about what the colonists ought to do regarding Britain's incrreasing legislative tyranny |
| What did the delegates conclude from the Continental Congress? | that the colonies needed to resist further violations for their liberty at the hands of parliament, but revolution was no the answer |
| What did the Britian parliament do that squashed the delegates dreams of negotiation? | refused to negotiate because they believed that the colonies were rebbelling against authority |
| John Locke - enlightenment | believes that the power to govern is in the hands of the people and not in the hands of a monarch, all people have natural rights given by the Creator (life, liberty, and property), the path to liberty is through self-rule and elected representatives |
| Jean-Jaques Rousseau - enlightenment | argued that the people are in a social contract with their government (the people agree to willingly give up some of their power as long as that government agrees to protect the people's natural rights)Ba |
| Baron de Montesquieu - enlightenment | believed that a replublic form of government was the best kind of government to preserve a people's liberty, argued that a government must be split into three branched (legislative, judicial, and executive [checks and balances]) |
| What did Common Sense by Thomas Paine argue? | argued for independence using everyday language and used some enlightenment views caused the idea of revolution to circulate |
| Second Continental Congress in 1776 | a formal resolution for independence was put on the floor |
| Declaration of Independence | was written by Thomas Jefferson, imposed with enlightenment views, and signed on July 2, 1776, but made public on July 4 |
| Loyalists | wanted to remain loyal to Britain |
| Where was the opposition to the revolution coming from? | inside and outside the colonies |
| Continental Army | was lead by George Washington |
| Why was the continental army losing battles in the first six months of the war? | the army was poorly armed, poorly trained, and some people were coerced into service by local authorities |
| What was Washington's strategy to win the war? | to make it last as long as possible so that the British would get tired and drop out (it worked) |
| Why did African Americans join the war? | Britain offered freedom to anyone who fought for them, and them Washington offered the same thing |
| Hessians | german soldiers that the british paid to fight for them |
| What was a major win for the colonies? | Washington crossing the delaware river on christmas eve to attack hessian |
| Battle of Saratoga in 1777 | this battle was a big turning point because since the colonists won, Benjamin Franklin was able to convince France to help the colonists |
| Who joined the war against Britain a year later? | Spain and Holland |
| What was the final battle of the revolution? | the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 (Virginia) Washington, with French aid, was able to force Britian to surrender |
| Paris Peace Treaty | treaty signed in 1783 ended the war (was signed by all parties) |
| How did the ideals of the revolution affect American society? | people showed growing concern over the societal inequality before, during, and after the revolution |
| Republican Motherhood | the idea that women were vital to a healthy democracy because they were able to raise sons well schooled in republican principles |
| How did revolutionary ideals affect global society? | the fact that the colonists won in the face of such a great foe, and then created a democracy instead of another monarchy affected the global society - french revolution - haitian revolution |
| Articles of Confederation | the first constitution created, the second is what is still in use today it was created in 1781 |
| What were the Articles of Confederation influenced by? | existing state constitutions they put the power to make laws in the legislative branch, did not want it in the executive because they were thinking about the monarchy and did not want it to resemble that |
| What did the Articles not have? | an executive or judical, all the power went to the legislative each state had veto power, and inorder to create new/radify the constitution 9/13 states had to agree |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | promoted public eduation, provisions for protection of private property, abolished slavery i nthe northwest territory, and provided a means by which western territories could get a population and apply for statehood |
| What did Shay's Rebellion prove? | this proved that the AOC was a flawed document that needed replacing |
| Shay's Rebellion | the economy was a mess, and many farmers become in debt while fighting the American Revolution. Daniel Shay from MA, one of those farmers, gathered a militia and headed to the town arenal to arm themselves. The MA militia stopped them |
| Why is Shay's Rebellion important? | MA tried to get help with the rebellion, but since there was not president, they did not get any |
| Consitutional Convention in 1781 (Philadelphia) | purpose was to get rid of the weaknesses of the AOC, they decided to instead create a new constituions (due to the influence of Hamilton/Madison) |
| Virgina Plan | a strong centralizes state and two houses in Congress in those two houses, states would have representation bases on population |
| New Jersey Plan | each state had equal representatives, |
| The Great Compromise | has two houses, one house is for population and the other is equal representation and voting. |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | three fifths of the enslaved population coulc be added to the population for purposes of representation the convention took the ban of slavery off the table until 1808 to assure delegates that slavery would not be messed with |
| Voting for Representatives | house - two year terms / voted by the people senate - six year terms / voted by the people president - four year terms / voted by the electroal college |
| Federalists | wanted to ratify the new constitution - Alexander Hamilton |
| Federalists Papers | written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madision, and John Jay (anonymously) to explain why the new constitution is needed |
| Anti-Federalists | did not want the new constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expence of the states |
| Federalism | the sharing of power between the national government and the state government |
| Article VI, also known as the Supremacy Clause | states that national law trumps state law whenever they contradict |
| What are the roles of each branch? | legislative - makes laws executive - carries out and enforces the laws judicial - interprets the laws to ensure they align with the constitution |
| President's Cabinet | people who advided the president on issues relating to their department |
| Alexander Hamilton | the Secretary of the Treasury during Washington's presidency, established the National Bank (Jefferson was opposed to this) |
| Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 | would remain neutral during the French Revolution |
| Edmond Genet (France's minister to the United States) | disagreed with the proclamation of neutrality and went straight to the American people to gain their support |
| Jay's Treaty | an agreement by the United States and Great Britain that helped avert war between the two nations |
| Pinckney Treaty | Spain agreed to let Americans use the port at New Orleans for trade along the Mississippi River, and agreed that the southern border ofhte united states would fall along the 31st parallel |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | U.S. Army clashed with the a confederacy of American Indian tribes and defeated them the effect wsa the the Indian surrender of all lands in the Ohio River Valley, opening American settlement |
| Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 | Congress, convinced by Hamilton, passed a tax on whiskey Pennsylvania farmers attacked tax collectors instead of paying them |
| Two Party System | Federalists - led by Alexander Hamilton, wanted a strong central governmen, and favored urban and elite interests Democratic Republicans - led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, wanted state rights, and favored rural and agricultureal interests |
| Washington's Farewell Address | warned against polital parties, allying with European nations (neutrality) |
| XZY Affair | a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | alien - made it possible for the governement to imprison or deport any non-citizen sedition - illegal to criticize the government publicly |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | the states had a right to nullify any law passed by the federal government in which it went beyond the powers explicitly granted to it by the Constitution |
| What did people start to paint about? | historical events |
| Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | talked about how Americans viewed themselves religiously |
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