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Civ. & Gov.
Civ. & Gov. - all chapters
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do we need government? | -Life without government = CHAOS -Government - Institution through which society makes & enforces its public policies -Public Policy - all of the things that -a government decides to do -Defense, education, taxes, civil rights, healthcare, etc. |
| What are the basic powers of government? | Legislative Executive Judicial -Often outlined in a country’s constitution -Democracy vs. Dictatorship |
| What does the legislative branch do? | power to make laws & frame public policies |
| What does the executive branch do? | power to execute, enforce, & administer laws |
| What does the judicial branch do? | power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, & settle societal disputes |
| Government = ? | Institution |
| Politics = ? | Process |
| What are politics? | Means by which government is conducted |
| What is human invention? | Regulating own actions as well as neighbors’ essential to survival |
| Who said: “Man is by nature a political animal.” | Aristotle |
| What are the 4 features of a state? | population territory sovereignty government |
| What is the population feature of a state? | -Must have people living there -May or may not be homogeneous -Social & political consensus = more stable governments |
| What is the territory feature of a state? | -Established boundaries -Subject to change -Can be source of conflict |
| What is the sovereignty feature of a state? | -Supreme & absolute power within its own territory -Decides its own foreign & domestic policies |
| What is the government feature of a state? | -Institution through which a society makes & enforces its public policies |
| State = ? | legal entity |
| Nation = ? | ethnic term |
| what is a nation? | Sizable group of people united by a common bond |
| Country = ? | Geographic Term |
| what is a country? | Place, region, or area of land |
| What three words tend to be interchangeable? | state = nation = country |
| what are the 4 theories of origin of the state? | Evolutionary force divine right of kings social contract |
| What is the evolutionary theory? | -Developed naturally out of the early family -Larger families = more organization |
| what is the force theory | -Person or small group claimed control of an area -People forced to submit to that person’s or group’s rule |
| what is the divine right of kings theory? | -God created the state and “chose” who would rule -17th century-challenged by philosophers |
| what is the social contract theory? | -People willingly surrender certain rights in order to maintain social order -In return, government promises to protect them -1600 & 1700’s in Europe -Basis of modern American government |
| What did Thomas Hobbes believe? | -“State of nature” = total freedom -People did NOT have the right to break their “contract” with the government |
| What did John Locke believe? | -People have the right to life, liberty, & property -If government doesn’t preserve these rights, people can break the “contract” |
| what are the purposes of american government? | 1. from a more perfect union 2. establish justice 3. insure domestic tranquility 4. provide for the common defense 5. promote the general welfare 6. secure the blessings of liberty 7. patriotism |
| what is the purpose of "form a more perfect union" in the purposes of american government? | -Constitution…in union there is strength |
| what is the purpose of "establish justice" in the purposes of american government? | -Laws must be reasonable, fair, & impartial |
| what is the purpose of "insure domestic tranquility" in the purposes of american government? | -Keeping peace at home -Order essential to society's well-being |
| what is the purpose of "provide for the common defense" in the purposes of american government? | -Defense against foreign enemies -Foreign policy |
| what is the purpose of "promote the general welfare" in the purposes of american government? | -Government provides public services |
| what is the purpose of "secure the blessings of liberty" in the purposes of american government? | -Not absolute, but as free as possible |
| what is the purpose of "patriotism" in the purposes of american government? | -Love of one’s country -Characteristic of a good citizen |
| What classifies government? | A.) Who can participate in the governing process B.) Geographic distribution of governmental power C.) Relationship between the legislative & executive branches |
| Classifying government: who can participate? (types of participation) | -democracy -dictatorship -autocracy -oligarchy -theocracy |
| What is a democracy? (participation) | -supreme authority rests with the people -can also be called a republic |
| What is a dictatorship? (participation) | - leader has absolute power & authority -Oldest & most common form of government -Authoritarian & totalitarian -Government controls all aspects of life -Outward appearance of control by the people -Example: North Korea |
| What is an autocracy? (participation) | -rule by one person |
| What is an oligarchy? (participation) | -rule by a small group |
| What is a theocracy? (participation) | -legal system based on religious law |
| Classifying government: geographic distribution of power? (types of powers) | -unitary -federal -confederation |
| What is a unitary? (types of powers) | -Centralized government -Key power held at national level -Local governments only have powers that central govt gives them -But not necessarily a dictatorship -Great Britain |
| What is a federal? (types of powers) | -Power divided between central government & several local governments -National level still supreme -Superior authority establishes this division of powers (Constitution) -United States |
| What is a confederation? (types of powers) | -Alliance of independent states -Limited powers -Can only do what member states give it power to do -Examples: Articles of Confederation, CSA, European Union |
| Classifying government: legislative & executive branches relationship (types of relationships) | -presidential government -parliamentary government |
| What is a presidential government? (types of relationships) | -Separation of powers between executive & legislative branches -Independent of one another -Coequal -President chosen by people, not legislature -Usually established by written constitution |
| What is a parliamentary government? (types of relationships) | -Executive branch made up of prime minister (or premier) & that official’s cabinet -Also members of legislative branch (parliament) -Only remain in office with the continued support of majority in parliament |
| Foundations of democracy: 5 basic notions | -worth of the individual -equality of all persons -majority rule, minority rights -necessity of compromise -individual freedom |
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ib30989
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