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Unit 4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | The first official government of the United States, written and ratified during the American Revolution |
| Articles of Confederation | US government that failed because it lacked a strong central gov't, the states were too powerful |
| Articles of Confederation | US government that only had a legislative branch and Congress couldn't tax |
| Northwest Ordinance | Law passed in 1787 that determined how a territory could become a state, also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory |
| Land Ordinance | Law that organized land in the Northwest Territory and auctioned off land to pay off the national debt |
| State of Franklin | Lost state located in East Tennessee that applied to be the 14th state but was denied |
| Northwest Territory | North of the Ohio River valley where slavery was banned; Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be here |
| Shays Rebellion | Revolt of farmers in Massachusetts over unfair taxes; showed that the Articles of Confederation could not keep law and order |
| James Madison | Father of the Constitution; presented the Virginia plan at the Constitutional Convention; took notes and explained major principles of the Constitution |
| George Washington | Elected the Chairman of the Constitutional Convention |
| George Washington | Unanimously elected first president, only served two terms, set examples for future presidents to follow |
| Constitutional Convention | meeting of 55 delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation but drafted the Constitution in summer of 1787 |
| Constitution | US government that strengthened the power of the federal government while also sharing power with the states |
| Great Compromise | agreement made over how larger and smaller states would be equally be represented at the Constitutional Convention |
| Great Compromise | Agreement that established the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress |
| Bicameral | word that means a "two house" legislature |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | agreement at the Constitutional Convention over how the southern states would count slaves for representation in Congress |
| Preamble | The opening paragraph of the Constitution, states the purpose of the Constitution |
| Preamble | begins with the phrase, "We the People" |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | Part of the Constitution that protects individual liberties and rights |
| Separation of Powers | idea that the powers of the government are divided among three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial |
| Veto | the ability of a president to reject a bill passed by Congress |
| Override | the ability of Congress to pass a bill that the president has vetoed |
| Legislative | branch of gov't that writes laws |
| Executive | branch of gov't that enforces the laws |
| Judicial | branch of gov't that applies or interprets the laws |
| Senate | upper house of Congress where each state has an equal number of representatives |
| House of Representatives | lower house of Congress where the number of representatives per state is based on that state's population |
| Checks and Balances | the ability of each branch of gov't to control the other two; keeps any one branch from becoming too powerful |
| Federalism | idea that power is shared between a central gov't and state gov'ts |
| First Amendment | freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly |
| Second Amendment | Right to bear arms |
| Third Amendment | Right to not house or feed US soldiers in your home |
| Fourth Amendment | Protection from unwarranted searches and seizures from the gov't |
| Tenth Amendment | Says that powers not given to the federal gov't are reserved to the states |
| Ratification | the process of approving a Constitution or amendment |
| Federalists | group that wanted the Constitution to be ratified |
| Antifederalists | group that opposed the ratification of the Constitution |
| Antifederalists | group that feared the Constitution would turn into a monarchy |
| Antifederalists | Their biggest contribution to American history is that they demanded a Bill of Rights to the Constitution |
| Federalist Papers | Series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to convince Americans to ratify the Constitution |
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