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Unit 2
The Constitution
| Preamble | Introduction paragraph to the Constitution that states the purposes of the U.S. government. |
| Article I | Established the Legislative Branch of the United States. |
| Article II | Established the Executive Branch of the United States |
| Article III | Established the Judicial Branch of the United States |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the Constitution ratified in 1791. |
| Amendments | Official changes, corrections, or additions to the Constitution. |
| 27 | Total number of amendments. |
| Magna Carta | 1215 - Charter of rights that first limited the powers of the English monarchy. |
| English Bill of Rights | 1689 - Granted freedoms such as speech, the right to petition, and no taxation without consent to the English people. |
| The Enlightenment | Movement in the 1600's to 1700's that emphasized reason, science, and individualism. |
| John Locke | English philosopher who declared that people are born with Inalienable Rights - Life, liberty, and property. |
| Inalienable Rights | Natural rights that cannot be taken away by a government. |
| Montesquieu | French philosopher who argued the best form of government was one that had separation of powers. |
| Rousseau | Swissborn French philosopher who argued governments attain the right to exist and govern by the consent of the governed. |
| House of Burgesses | 1618 - The first representative assembly in North America established in Virginia. |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first written constitution of self government in North America drafted by the Pilgrims. |
| Articles of Confederation | The first constitution of the United States that established a weak central government and strong state governments. |
| Federalists | Supporters of the new Constitution |
| Anti-Federalists | Opponents of the new Constitution |
| Great Britain | Nation that the American colonies separated from in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. |
| Federalism | A principle of the Constitution where governing power is divided between the national government and the states. |
| Implied | Federal powers not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution that are necessary and proper for the government to carry out its responsibilities. |
| Delegated | Federal powers that are explicitly written in the Constitution. |
| Reserved | Powers that are left to the states. |
| Article VI | States that the Constitution, national laws, and treaties are supreme over state laws - "Supremacy Clause." |
| Concurrent | Powers that are shared between the national government and the states. |
| We the People | First words of the U.S. Constitution. |
| Bicameral | A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses. |
| 3 | The Constitutional Convention created a new national government separated into ________ branches. |
| James Madison | Proposed the new government established in the Constitution - Known as the Father of the Constitution. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Author of the Declaration of Independence. |
| 2/3 | A new amendment must be proposed by a ______ vote of both houses of congress OR a constitutional convention called by congress on petition of_______ out of the states. |
| 3/4 | A new amendment is ratified by ______ of the state legislatures OR ________ of special constitutional conventions called by the states. |
| Article V | Established a process to amend the Constitution. |
| Article VII | Declared that 9 out of 13 original states were needed to vote yes to ratify the Constitution. |
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