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Unit 2

The Constitution

Preamble Introduction paragraph to the Constitution that states the purposes of the U.S. government.
Article I Established the Legislative Branch of the United States.
Article II Established the Executive Branch of the United States
Article III Established the Judicial Branch of the United States
Bill of Rights First 10 amendments to the Constitution.
Amendments Official changes, corrections, or additions to the Constitution.
27 Total number of amendments made to the Constitution.
Magna Carta 1215 - English document that first protected certain rights and limited the powers of the monarchy.
English Bill of Rights 1689 - Laws by England's Parliament to protect certain rights that could not be violated by a monarch.
The Enlightenment European movement in the 1600's to 1700's that emphasized ideas of reason, science, and individualism.
John Locke English philosopher who declared that people are born with Inalienable Rights - Life, liberty, and property.
Inalienable Rights Natural rights that cannot be taken away by a government.
Montesquieu French philosopher who argued the best form of government was one that was limited with a separation of powers.
Rousseau Swiss born French philosopher who argued governments attain the right to exist and govern by the consent of the general will of the people.
House of Burgesses 1618 - The first representative assembly in North America established in Jamestown (Virginia).
Mayflower Compact 1620 - The Pilgrims drafted the first written constitution for self government in North America.
Articles of Confederation The first constitution of the United States that established a weak central government and strong state governments.
Great Britain Nation that the American colonies separated from in the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
Federalism A principle of the Constitution where governing power is divided between the national government and the states.
Implied Federal powers that are not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Enumerated Federal powers that are explicitly written in the Constitution - Also called Delegated or Expressed Powers.
Reserved Powers that are left to the states.
Article VI States that the Constitution, national laws, and treaties are supreme over the laws of the States - Known as the "Supremacy Clause."
Concurrent Powers that are shared between the national government and the states.
We the People First words of the U.S. Constitution.
Bicameral A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses.
Virginia Plan Proposed a new national government separated into 3 branches with a Bicameral Congress.
Thomas Jefferson Author of the Declaration of Independence.
2/3 A new amendment must be proposed by a ______ vote of both houses of congress OR a constitutional convention called by congress on petition of_______ out of the states.
3/4 A new amendment is ratified by ______ of the state legislatures OR ________ of special constitutional conventions called by the states.
Article V Established a process to amend the Constitution.
Article VII Declared that 9 out of 13 original states were needed to vote yes to ratify the Constitution.
Constitutional Convention 1787 meeting in Philadelphia where the Constitution was created.
George Mason Colonist whose 1775 Virginia Declaration of Rights argued people had inherent rights and could abolish inadequate governments.
Elastic Clause Allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out their powers granted by the Constitution.
Created by: MHSGovernment
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