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MCAT Bio: Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| synapsis | the process in which homologous chromosomes are paired |
| prophase I | synapsis occurs during _________ __ of meiosis |
| prophase I | recombination/crossing over occurs during ________ __ of meiosis |
| prophase I | ___________ __ is the longest phase of meiosis |
| tetrad | a set of paired homologous chromosomes is called a ____________ (aka. bivalent) |
| metaphase I | alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate occurs during ___________ __ |
| random | alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate occurs in a ___________ fashion |
| anaphase I | separation of homologous chromosomes and the initiation of the cleavage furrow occurs during _____________ __ |
| haploid | meiosis I results in 2 __________ cells |
| sister chromatids | during prophase II, _________ ___________ move toward the center of cell |
| haploid | by the end of telophase II, 2 __________ cells are formed |
| nondisjunction | the failure to separate DNA during gamete formation |
| 4 | if nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I, it results in _____ abnormal cells |
| 2 | if nondisjunction occurs during anaphase II, it results in _____ abnormal cells |
| polymorphic | ___________ traits are traits that come in several forms - eg. hair color |
| polygenic | ___________ traits are traits that are determined by several genes - eg. height |
| incomplete dominance | the pattern of dominance in which heterozygous offspring is a blended version of parental phenotypes |
| codominance | the pattern of dominance is which both alleles are expressed independently and at the same time |
| donor | blood type O - (ii rr) is a universal __________ |
| acceptor | blood type AB + (IAIB R_) is a universal _________ |
| epistasis | the pattern of dominance in which there is dominance between 2 completely different genes, not between alleles of the same gene --> causes a masking effect --> eg. curly hair gene and bald gene |
| segregation | the law of ___________ states that alleles are separated during gamete formation --> anaphase I |
| independent assortment | the law of __________ ___________ describes how one pair of alleles separate is independent of how other pairs separate |
| multiplication | the rule of ___________ describes that the probability of A and B occuring = p(A) x p(B) |
| addition | the rule of ____________ describes that the probability of A or B occuring = p(A) x p(B) + ( p(A) x p(B) ) |
| linked | __________ genes are found super close to each other on the same chromosome |
| independent assortment | linked genes defy Mendel's law of _______ _________ |
| recombinant frequency | ___________ ___________ (Rf) = # recombinants/# total offspring |
| distance | the % Rf = the ___________ between genes |
| decrease | an increase in Rf indicates a _________ in linkedness |
| hardy-weinberg | the __________________ theory states that allele frequencies within a population do not change from generation to generation |
| mutation, mating, large | The Conditions in which H-W would hold true: 1. No _________ 2. No migration 3. Random ___________ 4. No natural selection 5. Population is _________ |
| 1 | the hardy-weinberg theory states that it will take a population ___ generation to return to equilibrium |
Created by:
coletty218
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