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linguistics 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Linguistics | scientific study of any aspect of language |
| Language | A uniquely human capacity used to produce and understand precise meaningful utterances |
| Grammar | The system (pattern) of elements (such as words) and of the rules of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics inherent in a language |
| Phonology | Rules that define the sound pattern of a language |
| Lexicon | Storied entries for words, including irregulars. A mental dictionary |
| Semantics | Meanings expressed through language |
| Pragmatics | How context affects meaning |
| Psycholinguistics | The study of the relationships between linguistic behavior and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition |
| Language acquisition | the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate |
| Neurolinguistics | the branch of linguistics dealing with the relationship between language and the structure and functioning of the brain |
| Language is not | written language, proper grammar, or thought |
| Descriptive Grammar | How people speak |
| Prescriptive Grammar | How people should speak |
| Logographic writing | Where the symbols stand for words or morphemes. Ex: Chinese |
| Syllabic writing | Where each symbol represents one syllable. Ex: Japanese |
| Alphabetic writing | Where each symbol, ideally, represents one phoneme. Ex: English |
| Types of writing | Logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic |
| Hyponym | More specific words that constitute a subclass of a more general word |
| Hypernym | a word with a broad meaning that more specific words fall under |
| Synonym | Words that have similar meanings and share the same semantic properties |
| Maxim of quantity | The speaker will say neither more nor less than is required |
| Maxim of quality | The speaker will say only what he or she believes to be the truth. |
| Maxim of relevance | The speaker will say only what is appropriate for the topic |
| Maxim of manner | The speaker will be brief, concise, and clear |
| Manually coded English (MCE) | A variety of invented forms of signing based on oral English grammar, with the signs, most of which are borrowed from ASL, directly representing English words. |
| Iconic | Form's properties resemble signified concept. Ex: buzz |
| Arbitrary | based on random choice, rather than any reason or system |
| Designator | Hand-shape of a sign |
| Signation | Type of motion used in a sign |
| Tabula | Location where a sign is made |
| Palm orientation | Direction in which the palm faces |
| Kinesics | formal study of communicating with body movements |
| Emblem | movements of the face, hands, arms, or other parts of the body that have a very specific meaning and are not as dependent on speech as other kinesic behaviors |
| Illustrator | Nonverbal behaviors that accompany speech and serve to clarify or emphasize what is being said |
| Speech-related gestures | kinesic behaviors that coordinate with and accompany speech. Includes illustrators and regulators |
| Regulator | kinesic behaviors that shape or influence turn-taking in speech and listening |
| adaptor | kinesic behaviors that satisfy personal needs, such as nervousness, and are not meant to communicate |
| affect | kinesic behaviors that communicate the real or faked emotional state of the communicator |
| proxemics | the study of the social use of space--the study of the patterns of the use of space to convey messages and how this usage differs from culture to culture |
Created by:
treiseck
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