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POLI 110 - MIDTERM 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| politics | how people seek agreement on an action - even if they do not agree on the goals of that action |
| bargaining | proposing exchanges, concessions, and compromise to agree on an action |
| compromise | settlement, each side concedes something |
| preferences | an individual's choices that reflect their situation |
| bicameralism | 2 legislative chambers |
| institutional design | construction of political institutions and process for managing conflict |
| constitution | document outlining rules, institutions, and limits of a government |
| institution | organizations that manage conflict |
| government | institutions and procedures through which people are ruled |
| authority | the acknowledge right to make a decision and carry it out |
| power | a person's influence over those who give them authority |
| collective action | action taken by likeminded people to pursue a goal |
| prisoner's dilemma | settings in which individuals are better off pursuing individual needs - even if they undermine a cause they agree with |
| free rider problem | a situation where a person benefits whether or not they contribute, therefore there is no reason to contribute |
| chicken game | you and I each benefit by holding out till the other yields, but if no one yields disaster ensues |
| coordination problem | you and I prefer different outcomes, but we're most concerned that we all do it the same (ex. four way stop) |
| tragedy of the commons | group members exploit a common resource |
| conformity costs | difference between what an individual would prefer vs what the group thinks is best |
| focal point | focus identified by participants to achieve a goal |
| private goods | benefits that the owner has control of |
| public goods | collectively produced and freely available goods |
| tyranny | government exploits it's authority |
| transaction costs | time it takes to make a decision |
| Magna Carta | 1215, put limits on royal power |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688, rights for normal British citizens (parliament) |
| Articles of Confederation | |
| Shay's Rebellion | common folk drowning in debt, organized a riot against the Massachusetts government |
| Virginia Plan | Stronger national (federal) government |
| New Jersey Plan | Stronger state government |
| three-fifths compromise | three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation |
| plenary power | full power |
| enumerated power | listed power |
| separation of powers | distribution of power to several political institutions (ex. three branches of government) |
| federal division of powers | separating powers among different branches of government |
| popular sovereignty | people hold the power in government |
| rule of law | everyone is accountable under the law, even government officials |
| Bill of Rights | exactly that, the American people's powers and privileges under the law |
| Federalist | In support of the constitution |
| Antifederalist | In support of the Articles of Confederation |
| ratification | signing, making a treaty valid |
| Federalist Papers | Papers written in favor of the constitution |
| President Oak's five inspired points | separation of powers, federal division of powers, popular sovereignty, rule of law, bill of rights, |
| Electoral College | the process used to elect the US President |
| Declaration of Independence | written document that declared our independence from Britain |
| Unitary system | Central government has supreme, or most of the power |
| Confederal system | State government has supreme, or most of the power |
| Federal system | Power shared by state and central government |
| necessary and proper clause | the government can do anything it deems necessary to accomplish it's written responsibilities |
| commerce clause | government has power over international and interstate trade |
| 10th amendment | any powers not given to the federal government are saved for the states |
| matching grant | central government gives money to states and expects them to match their contribution |
| block grant | a grant given to the states for them to allocate as they choose |
| civil rights | policies that protect the group |
| civil liberties | policies that protect the individual |
| 13th amendment | abolished slavery |
| 14th amendment | equal protection under the law, for every US citizen |
| 15th amendment | voting rights to all US citizens |
| selective incorporation | the process of enacting those laws into our government |
| civil rights act (1964) | prohibited segregation, enacted the 14th amendment |
| voting rights act (1965) | enacted the 15th amendment |
| suffragists | a person advocating for voting rights |
| hate crime | a crime based out of prejudice |
| segregation | setting someone apart from the others |
| affirmative aciton | favoring individuals who were previously discriminated against |
| de facto | |
| de jure | |
| 1st amendment | |
| 5th amendment | |
| theocracy | |
| de jure establishment | |
| de facto establishment | |
| toleration act | |
| council of fifty | |
| utah war | |
| people's party | |
| liberal party | |
| twin relics of barbarism | |
| edmunds-tucker act | |
| D&C 121, 122, 123, 127, 134, 135 |
Created by:
altagm
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