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Unit 2 Vocab

Unit 2 Vocab AP Human Geography

TermDefinition
Agricultural density The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land (land suitable for agriculture). It can measure economic and technological differences between areas.
Anti-natalist/Pronatalist Discourage people from having children (support lower birth rates)/Encourage people to have children (support higher birth rates
Arithmetic Density The total number of people divided by the total land area. (aka population density)
Asylum seekers Someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee
Crude births/death rates The total number of live births/deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.
Carrying capacity The population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources.
Chain migration Pattern of migration to a specific place that develops when migrants move along and through relationship links.
Demographic transition model A tool used by demographers that demonstrates the changing nature of birth and death rates as related to the economic development of various countries
Dependency ratio The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.
Epidemiological transition The Epidemiologic Model shows the pattern of mortality and disease and aligns with the Demographic Transition Model
Fertility rates The statistical measure of the average number of children born to women of childbearing age in a particular population. Often expressed as the number of live births per 1000 women per year.
Forced migration The permanent movement of people from their homes or regions against their will due to various factors such as conflict, persecution, environmental disasters, or other coercive circumstances.
Guest worker Legal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term.
Infant mortality rate (IMR) The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births.
Internally displaced persons (IDP) Someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within their country's borders
Internal migration Permanent movement within a country.
Intervening obstacles/opportunities A environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
Life expectancy The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Malthusian theory Population growth tends to surpass the availability of resources, leading to potential food shortages and social problems, unless population growth is controlled through checks such as famine, disease, or voluntary measures like family planning.
Migration A form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move
Mortality rate The measure of the number of deaths in a population per unit of time, often expressed as a rate per 1,000 people per year.
Physiological density The number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
Population-doubling time The estimated time it would take for a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate of natural increase and without migration. It's often used to understand population growth trends.
Population pyramid A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex.
Pull/push factors The reasons behind migration. "Pull factors" are the conditions or attractions that encourage people to move to a new location, while "push factors" are the conditions or circumstances that drive people away from their current location
Rate of natural increase (NIR) A demographic term representing the difference between the birth rate and the death rate in a population, usually expressed as a percentage. It indicates the population's growth due to births exceeding deaths.
Ravenstein's laws of migration Migration laws developed by Ernest Ravenstein that state the basic principles / patterns observed related to migration.
Refugees People who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum (to stay) in another country for fear of their life if they are forced to return to their country of origin.
Rural-to-urban migration The movement of people from rural areas to cities or urban centers in search of better economic opportunities and improved living conditions.
Step-migration Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages.
Transhumance Seasonal migration of livestock between mountain and lowland pasture area.
Transnational migration People who move across international borders, often with the intent to live and work in a different country, which can lead to dual cultural and national affiliations.
Voluntary migration Permanent migration undertaken by choice.
Brain drain The large scale emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. Takes place when the brightest and most promising citizens in a less developed country (LDC) leave for opportunities in more developed countries (MDC).
The first 3 laws of migration 1) Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration. 2) The majority of migrants move a short distance. 3) Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations.
The last 2 laws of migration 4) Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas. 5) Families are less likely to make international moves than young (and male) adults.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) The average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years, which is roughly ages 15 through 49.
Created by: syedw26
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