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Endocrine + Hormones

TermDefinition
positive _____________ feedback is the mechanism used to stimulate a condition through an action
negative _____________ feedback is the mechanism which seeks to lessen a condition through an action
endocrine the ___________ system releases hormones into the body’s general circulation, most often through blood, to affect other cells or tissues at a distance
autocrine ___________ signaling is the mechanism in which a signaling molecule is released to affect the same cell or tissue
paracrine ___________ signaling is the mechanism in which a signaling molecule is released to affect a neighboring cell or tissue.
peptide __________ hormones: - polar - water-soluble --> freely move about bloodstream - membrane-impermeable --> require receptor on extracellular side - like short protein --> generally end in "tin"
steroid __________ hormones - non-polar - not water-soluble --> need protein transport molecule in blood - membrane-permeable - cholesterol derivative --> ends in "ol" or "one"
tyrosine derivative __________ __________ hormones: - non-polar --> require protein transport molecule in blood - lipid soluble - very small
peptide hormones in the anterior pituitary are ________ hormones
peptide hormones in the posterior pituitary are _________ hormones
peptide hormones found in the parathyroid are __________ hormones
peptide hormones found in the pancreas are ___________ hormones
peptide, tyrosine derivative hormones found in the thyroid are ___________ hormones or __________ ___________ hormones
steroid hormones found in the adrenal cortex are __________ hormones
steroid hormones found in the gonads are ____________ hormones
tyrosine derivative hormones found in the adrenal medulla are ________ _________ hormones
anterior pituitary FSH is released from the _________ _________
ovaries/testes FSH targets the ________/__________
FSH, LH ________ and _______regulate oogenesis and spermatogenesis
ovaries/testes LH targets the _________/___________
anterior pituitary LH is released from the __________ ___________
anterior pituitary ACTH is released from the __________ ___________
adrenal cortex ACTH targets the ________
ACTH ____________ stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids
anterior pituitary TSH is released from the __________ _________
thyroid TSH targets the ________
TSH ___________ stimulates secretion of T3 and T4
anterior pituitary prolactin is released from the ___________ _________
mammary glands prolactin targets the __________ __________
prolactin __________ stimulates milk production
anterior pituitary endorphins are released by the ___________ _________
anterior pituitary growth hormones (GH) are released by the ____________ _________
bone/muscle GH targets _______/_________
GH ____________ stimulates growth and development
posterior pituitary ADH is released by the ________ _________
kidneys ADH targets the _________
ADH __________ increases reabsorption of water
posterior pituitary oxytocin is released by the ___________ ___________
mammary glands oxytocin targets the _________ _________
oxytocin ___________ affects milk letdown
parathyroid PTH is released by the _________
bone PTH targets __________
PTH ______________ increases the Ca2+ concentration in blood
pancreas, alpha glucagon is released by the _________, specifically ______-cells
liver glucagon targets the _____
increases glucagon ______________ blood glucose levels
pancreas, beta Insulin is released by the ___________, specifically ________-cells
liver/muscle insulin targets the _______/__________/fat
decreases insulin ___________ blood glucose levels
thyroid calcitonin is released from the ___________
bone calcitonin targets __________
calcitonin ___________ decreases the Ca2+ concentration in blood
glucocorticoid cortisol is a type of ________________
adrenal cortex cortisol is released from the ___________ __________
increases cortisol _____________ blood glucose levels
adrenal cortex aldosterone is released from the __________ ___________
kidney aldosterone targets the _________
aldosterone ____________ increases reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+
ovaries estrogen is released by the ___________
uterus estrogen targets the ____________
estrogen ____________ affects the menstrual cycle and secondary sex characteristics
ovaries progesterone is released by the ____________
uterus progesterone targets the _____________
progesterone _______________ affects the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
testes testosterone is released by the ___________
testes testosterone targets the ________
testosterone ____________ affects spermatogenesis and secondary sex characteristics
thyroid T3 and T4 are released from the ___________
T3, T4 ________ and _________ increase cellular metabolism
adrenal medulla epinephrine is released by the ___________ __________
blood vessels/heart/liver both epinephrine and norepinephrine target ______ _________/_____/_________
epinephrine, norepinephrine ____________ and ______________ increase blood glucose and vasoconstriction
pineal gland melatonin is released by the ________ _________
body melatonin targets the whole __________
melatonin _____________ affects circadian rhythm
Created by: coletty218
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