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Moral Theories
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Normative Ethics | Deals with the content of moral theories. A debate about how to properly use moral terms in sentences |
| Extrinsic Value | The value that something has only insofar as it is conducive to something else that is intrinsically valuable. |
| Intrinsic Value | The value that something has in itself. The opposite of extrinsic value. There is a fact of the matter about its value! |
| Act-Consequentialism | The view that an action is right if and only if (and because) its consequences would be at least as good as the consequences of any alternative action |
| Act-Utilitarianism | The view that an action is right if and only if (and because) it would (if performed) likely produce at least as much happiness as would any other alternative action |
| Rule-Consequentialism | The view that an action is right if and only if it is in accord with that set of rules the (near) universal acceptance of which would make things go best. |
| Rule-Utilitarianism | The view that an action is right if and only if it is in accord with that set of rules the (near) universal acceptance of which would bring about the most utility. |
| Utility | The net value of the consequences of an action |
| Conditional Imperatives | Commands that apply to us only if we want to achieve a certain goal |
| Unconditional Imperatives | A command that applies to everyone, regardless of their needs, interests, or desires. They are not conditional. These are the types of commands that deontologists are interested in. |
| CIH | An action is right if an only if (and because) the action treats persons (including oneself) as ends in themselves and not merely as a means |
| Virtue | Trait of character or mind that typically involves dispositions to act, feel, and think in certain ways and that is central in the positive evaluation of persons. |
| Vice | Trait of character or mind which typically involves dispositions to act, feel, and think in certain ways, and that is central in the negative evaluation of persons |
| Virtue Ethics | The view that an action is right if and only if (and because) it is what a virtuous agent (acting in character) would not avoid doing in the circumstances under consideration. |
| CIUL | An action is right if and only if one can both (a) consistently conceive of everyone adopting and acting on the general policy (that is, the maxim) of one’s action, and also (b) consistently will that everyone act on that maxim |
Created by:
m24g
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