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RV Civilization

River Valley Civilization

QuestionAnswer
Timeline of River Valley Civilizatons 3500 to 500 BC
Where did the earliest civilizations develop? River valleys
Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? They had rich soil for agriculture because periodic flooding left silt which made the soil rich in nutrients
They were protected by geographic barriers (mountains, deserts, seas, jungles, etc.)
Mesopotamia Geography Sumer
Mesopotamia was a region located in the part of the Fertile Crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Mesopotamia is present day Iraq (Middle East)
Mesopotamia is protected on three sides by mountains, deserts and the Persian Gulf (but vulnerable to invaders from the north)
Sumerian Government: Sumer was Sumer was the first known civilization
Sumerian Government: arose in southern Mesopotamia
Sumer was made up of 12 independent city- states each ruled by its own king.
City-state: A city and the surrounding land
Cuneiform the first written language (wedge writing)
Irrigation brought water from the rivers to the fields during the dry summer months
Bronze Smelted from copper and tin
Other Sumerian Accomplishments Plow Ziggurats Wheeled vehicles Number system based on 60
Babylonian Empire The first empire to arise in Mesopotamia. Empire: several peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.
Code of Hammurabi First set of published laws Based on the principle of an “eye for an eye” Laws differed based on class
Egypt Geography Nile Delta and Nile River Valley (Northeast Africa)
Nile Delta The delta was located in Lower Egypt (northern Egypt - lower in elevation) Delta: broad, marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river.
Nile Delta is protected by deserts and seas
Egyptian Government Pharoahs were rulers thought to be gods. They had absolute power (complete control) over the Egyptian Empire. They were thought to be responsible for making the sun rise, the Nile flood, and crops grow.
Egypt, had a rigid class system and slavery was accepted.
Egyptian Religion Like other River Valley peoples, Egyptians were polytheistic (believed in many gods).
Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics: Pictures stood for sounds as well as ideas
India: Indus Valley Civilization Geography Located on the Indus River in present-day Pakistan (Indian subcontinent).
Natural Barriers The Himalayan and the Hindu Kush Mountains as well as the Indian Ocean protected the Indian subcontinent from invasion.
Indus Valley Government Made up of independent city-states including Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro (and 2500 other sites)
Indus Valley Achievements and examples Plumbing (The great bath at Mohenjo-Daro) Cotton Cloth (first to cultivate cotton and weave its fibers into cloth (textiles) Writing (has not been deciphered)
China Geography Huang He River
Huang He River is also called the Yellow River and the River of Sorrows (yellow silt caused flooding)
China is protected by the Gobi desert, Himalayan Mountains, Pacific Ocean, dense jungles
Chinese rulers were considered divine (god-like).
Chinese rulers served under a mandate of heaven (approval of the gods) only as long as their rule was just
Dynastic Cycle Explains the rise and fall of families of rulers
Ancestor Worship The Chinese believed that the spirits of family ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster. They paid respect to family ancestors and made sacrifices in their honor.
Early Chinese Achievements Silk cloth (made from the cocoons of silkworms).
Chinese Writing Characters stood for ideas, not sounds. The earliest evidence of Chinese writing is found on oracle bones.
Chinese: Irrigation Water wheels were used to bring river water to the fields
Chinese: Bronze Bronze vessel used for sacrificial food
Created by: StudentScholar
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