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colony
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1584 – Queen Elizabeth of England gives | Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in North America |
| Raleigh decides on a place called Roanoke Island, | known as “The Lost Colony” |
| 1585 – Raleigh sends his first group of | settlers |
| The colony fails due to | a difficult winter |
| 1587 – Raleigh sends a second group the leader was | John white |
| The colony is | deserted, settlers never seen again |
| King James I granted a *charter to the | Virginia Company of London. |
| The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company, in | which any profits are divided amongst the stockholders |
| The plan was for the company's settlers to find gold | and establish trade in fish and furs. |
| In December 1606, the company sent 144 settlers in | three ships to build a new colony in North America. |
| They named new settlement Jamestown to honor their | king |
| The colonists did not find gold or riches in | Virginia. |
| The colonist faced severe hardships, including | disease and hunger. |
| the leader was | John smith |
| Smith built ties with and got food from the local | Powhatan people and forced the settlers to work. |
| He said | “He that will not work shall not eat.” |
| In late 1609, Smith was injured and had to return | to England |
| t winter of 1609-1610 was called | “the starving time” |
| =. The colony struggled. because | The Powhatan stopped providing food. |
| Relations with Powhatan improved after | John Rolfe married Pocahontas. |
| The colonists also found a way to make | money for the investors |
| . They began | growing tobacco, which saved Jamestown |
| and made the investors make lots of | money. |
| Demand grew and tobacco became very | profitable. |
| Jamestown became the first permanent | the first permanent colony |
| The Virginia Company began giving a headright | (land grant of 50 acres to settlers who paid their own way). |
| Colonists suffered high deaths rates, which led | to labor shortages. |
| Tobacco led to indentured servants being | brought to work on the farms. |
| Indentured Servants signed a contract to work | for four to seven years to gain passage to America |
| The Virginia Company also gave the colonist | the right to take part of their own government |
| In 1619 land-owning make colonist cast ballots | for burgesses (representatives). |
| The burgesses helped make laws for the | colony. |
| The House of Burgesses was the first | legislature in North America elected by the people |
| As plantations grew, the economy of | Jamestown began to expand. |
| Soon colonial officials began to ask for | more taxes. |
| Nathaniel Bacon and other former | indentured servants attacked some friendly American Indians as a form of protest |
| When the governor tried to stop Bacon, he and his followers | attacked and burned Jamestown. |
| Bacon's Rebellion proved that the | government could not ignore the demands of its people. |
| Seeking a safe place for Catholics facing persecution in | England, Lord Baltimore formed the colony of Maryland. |
| Like Virginia, Maryland had many large plantations and a | need for workers. Plantation owners used enslaved Africans to care for crops. |
| Religion was another source of conflict. The Calvert’s | welcomed Protestants as well as Catholics |
| . Protestant settlers | outnumbered Catholics. |
| To protect Catholics, the colony established the Act of | Toleration in 1649. |
| The act ensured Protestants and | Catholics the right to worship freely. |
| It was the first law | supporting religious tolerance in the English colonies. |
| In 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called | Carolina—Latin for “Charles's land." |
| The colony of the Carolina did not develop as planned why | in spilt into northern and southern Carolina |
| Carolina was founded by 8 lord | Proprietors. |
| Two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture | rice and indigo. |
| Georgia, founded in 1733, was the last British colony | last British colony to set up |
| James Oglethorpe received a charter from George II for | a colony where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start. |
| Received many poor people and religious refugees from | all over Britain. |
| Many settlers complained about Oglethorpe's rules, especially | the limits on landholding and the bans on slave labor and rum |
| A frustrated Oglethorpe finally agreed to their demands. | Disappointed with the colony's slow growth, he gave up and turned Georgia over to the king in 1751. |
| ** Debtor is someone who | is unable to repay their debt |
| 13 COLONIES ESTABLISHED | By 1750 the English colonies stretched for hundreds of miles along the Atlantic coast. |
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