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APUSH Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vacuum Domicilium | "Empty land" B theory Native lands vacant bc no fixed habitations/fenced fields->Puritans went 2 Mass Bay&claimed land by Law of Discovery (any nation find NEW land thru exploration could take) but if tribe already settled VD used bc Natives uncivilized |
| King Philips War | 1675-1676 Chief Wampanoags Metacom (King Philip) united tribes in s. NE against colonists who wanted NA land. Brutal war, thousands on both killed (bc of flintlock rifle), colonists won, killed KP&shattered NA resistance in NE->colonists superior mindset |
| Howard Zinn on Columbus | |
| French and Indian War | 1754–1763 B vs French&NAs: At first bad for B, but then they targeted French Canada and won a series of battles: B won-->lead to revolution bc B raised taxes to colonists due to cost of war |
| Proclamation Line of 1763 | to stabilize west front B govt issued proc. that forbade colonists from settling west of appalachian mts hoping to prevent future hostilities btwn colonists and NAs->colonists mad/wanted to get west lands after 7 yrs war victory->defied proc. |
| Pontiac’s Rebellion | 1763 After B won 7 yrs war, gen. gov. Amherst discont. gift giving 2 NAs->NAs saw as severing ties->NA tribe Ottawa's leader Pontiac wanted rid B from land->start war->ended stalemate 1765, B recognized indigenous autonomy->500 colonists killed, mad @ NAs |
| Johnson v. McIntosh | 1823: 1775 Thomas Johnson+B citizens bought Virginia land from NAs under 1763 proc. TJ died->left land 2 heirs->1818 Mc purchased. Heirs sued 2 recover land->Fed district court: TJ initial purchase invalid Indians can't give land by themselves; favored Mc |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia | 1831: 1828 G legislature passed laws rid Cherokee nation of land-->NAs argued C was foreign state, congress has power not state->court ruled bc NA nations dependent, they had no power before judiciary-->Court lacked jurisdiction to exempt C from G law |
| Worcester v. Georgia | 1832: White missionaries (+ Worches) invited by Cherokee advised C to resist Georgia->G forbade white ppl from living on C land unless license+oath->Ms arrested '31->W argued congress had authority not state, violate 1802 act->S. Court agree but G ignored |
| Native Americans and the Constitution, Article 1, Section 8 | Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with indian tribes |
| Indian Removal Act | 1830 Signed by Jackson: forcibly moved NAs to unsettled lands west of Mississippi in exchange 4 Indian lands within existing state borders (TRAIL OF TEARS) 46000 NAs relocated 2 "indian territory" (oklahoma), 4000+ died on journey |
| The Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention or McDonald’s Theory of Conflict Prevention | By Thomas Friedman to explain how globalization affects foreign policy/conflict: No 2 cntrys that both have McDs have ever gone to war->cost of war increases bc more to lose economically |
| Pequot War and Conectocott | 1637 colonists connecticut valley vs Pequot Indians bc trader's murder John Stone by P in '34->P explained for deaths of Stone, colonists felt they couldn't afford 4 NAs unpunished->natives almost wiped->English ability/will 2 wage total war against NAs |
| Columbus and first contact with Arawaks | No descendants of Arawaks today--wiped out by disease, Columbus' brutality, |
| Spanish, French, and British early contact with Native American tribes, similarities and differences | British traded w/ NAs, but saw them as savages; french treated them with respect; Spanish |
| Count Coup or Counting Coup | the winning of prestige, status or honor in battle or as a hunter: After a battle or exploit, the people of a tribe would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup." |
| The importance of the Buffalo | Meant survival for the NAs. Used every part of the Buffalo: bones =arrow-heades, knives, shovels; dung=fuel; fat=soap, cooking oil; hair=headdresses; skull=altar @ religious ceremonies; horns=cups, spoons |
| Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 | Split up pieces of land of the rez and gave it to NAs for farming |
| Indian Boarding Schools | kill the Indian to save the man-->cultural assimilation |
| Ghost Dances | prayer to ancestors, begging for solace, for European settlers to go away, dancing for a peaceful world-->fed govt interpreted this as uprising->Battle at Wounded Knee |
| Wounded Knee | 1890 dispute abt Ghost Dance police killed Chief Sitting Bull->300+ Lakota ppl+children&Chief Big Foot left rez 2 reach safety->detained by US Army @ WK->deaf man didn't give up rifle, 150-300 NAs killed, most women/children. BF shot, Army lost 25 |
| Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor | |
| Native American citizenship, 1924 | declared all non-citizen Indians born within the territorial limits of the United States to be citizens |
| Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 | conserve and develop Indian lands/resources; extend to Indians the right to form business/organizations; establish a credit system 4 Indians; grant certain rights of home rule 2 Indians; provide for vocational education for Indians; and for other purposes |
| AIM (American Indian Movement) | formed in response to police brutality in 1968: spoke out against high unemployment, slum housing, racist treatment, fought 4 treaty rights, reclamation of tribal land, advocated on behalf of urban Indians in illness/poverty |
| Oklahoma Land Grab | 1890s improved agricultural techniques led whites realize Indian Territory land valuable: pressured US gov't allow white settlement 1889: Pres Harrison agreed; 1st of long series of authorizations that removed most of Indian Territory from Indian control |
| 4 Turnings Thesis | |
| Andrew Jackson, ethnic cleanser | In 1830, President Andrew Jackson shared plans for “Indian Removal” in his annual message to congress. The language of removal is itself a euphemism for the attempted ethnic cleansing of tens of thousands of Native people from their ancestral homelands. |
| Prime Directive | prohibits Starfleet personnel and spacecraft from interfering in the normal development of any society |
| Tribal Colleges | |
| Aaron Huey’s talk: America’s Native Prisoners of War | |
| Red Clouds, White Reign | Red Cloud=leader of Ogala Sioux, 1st Indian in West to win war against US-->Fort Laramie Treaty guaranteeing the Powder River country&Black Hills to be reserved for the Lakotas forever |
| Mascots-where are we today? | |
| National Congress of American Indians strategy. | The NCAI established 1944: American Indians educated/experienced in white world&stressed importance of preserving old ways/tribal institutions&protecting Indian welfare-->attempting to produce changes via the ballot box-->NA disadvantage-->useless |
| The Bystander Effect | When someone thinks that other people have already intervened in a situation so they don't intervene |
| Howard Zinn and his A People’s History of The United States | |
| Why did Natives fight? | To preserve their way of life |
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undercoverkookie68
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